笔者这里说的“万金油”指的是一些诸如“英语重心在前,汉语重心在后”和“汉译英时一上来先抓主干”等常见的翻译策略(套路)。笔者写下此文并不是要证明这些翻译策略不对,而是最近发现身边有不少人有时过于迷信这些套路,并未结合语境也没有分析一番就直接上手了。
现举两例:
Example One (E-C)
原文:The ancient Egyptians oriented themselves to the south, because it was in the south that the Nile rose, and it was from the south that the annual inundation arrived.
译文1:因为尼罗河发源于南方,每年的洪水也是从南方来的,所以古埃及人以南方为方位参考。(背景原因在前,结论表态在后,符合汉语表达方式)
译文2:古埃及人以南为方位参考,这是因为尼罗河发源于南方,每年的洪水也是从南方来的。(顺句操作,看似符合汉语表达方式)
分析:译文1一上来先说摆出背景原因,最后才把 “古埃及人以南方为方位参考”这一重点讲出来,这一表达可以说很符合“英语重心在前,汉语重心在后”这一万金油了。译文2反其道而行之,先把事实表态讲出来,再讲原因背景,也就是顺着原文语序译了过来,属于书上说的“顺句操作”,如此顺译乍一看不符合汉语的表达方式。但是这么做也有其好处,把这句话顺句操作后就重现了原文的悬念效果,读者就会边读边思考“古埃及人以南为方位参考”的原因,读到这里笔者才发现英语中圆周句也有异曲同工之妙。
上面的例子告诉我们汉译英时译者不一定要虔诚遵循“英语重心在前,汉语重心在后”的策略,有时候顺着译反而更好。
Example Two (C-E)
原文:这是我深思熟虑、认真准备了10年的计划,今天得以实现,要感谢阿里巴巴合伙人的认同,感谢阿里巴巴董事局的批准,也要感谢所有阿里巴巴的同事们以及他们的家人,正因为过去19年大家对我的信任、支持和共同努力,让我们有足够的自信和能力迎接这一天。
译文1:I have put… I am delighted to announce the succession plan today thanks to the support of Alibaba Partnership and our board of directors. I also want to offer special thanks to all Alibaba colleagues and your family members, and it is the trust from all of you and our joint efforts during the past 19 years that have enabled us to be confident and capable enough for the coming transition.
译文2:I have put… I am delighted to announce the succession plan today thanks to the support of Alibaba Partnership and our board of directors. I also want to offer special thanks to all Alibaba colleagues and your family members, because your trust and support and our joint enterprise over the past 19 years have prepared us for the coming transition with confidence and strength.
分析:重点看这部分:正因为过去19年大家对我的信任、支持和共同努力,让我们有足够的自信和能力迎接这一天。
译文1的译者抓住了这句话的主干:大家对我的信任让我们可以完成交接。因而该译者使用了强调句句型:It is the trust from all of you and our joint efforts during the past 19 years that have enabled us to be confident and capable enough for the coming transition.可以说是用上了“汉译英时一上来先抓主干”这个策略。可惜该译者没有考虑原文本的使用对象,这是马云宣布将辞去阿里巴巴集团董事局主席一职后写给股东们的一封信。因此语言应该口语化,要表现马云对同事们的感激之情,但译文1有些书面语了,也没能把马云的感激之情表达出来。
而译文2:because your trust and support and our joint enterprise over the past 19 years have prepared us for the coming transition with confidence and strength 则更为口语化,前后逻辑也更明显。
当然“汉译英时一上来先抓主干”这个办法在翻译比较复杂的句子时非常有用,请看下例:
Example Three (C-E)
原文:保险人应该在被保险人由于货物遭受机器设备运输保险内所承担的风险造成工程中断或延误所引起的还本付息及固定成本的赔偿。
主干分析:
1 (如果)货物遭受机器设备运输保险内所承担的风险
2 (如果)该风险造成工程中断或延误
3 (如果)工程中断或延误引起(被保险人)还本付息及固定成本(损失)
4 (保险人)则应该赔偿被保险人还本付息及固定成本的损失
故可译为:
The insurer must compensate the insured for its losses related to debt service and fixed costs if:
a)its goods are exposed to risks covered by machinery and equipment transportation insurance.
b) the risks result in disruption or delay of the project; and
c) the disruption or delay result in losses related to debt service and fixed costs.
请各位读者原谅笔者太唠唠叨叨,一言以蔽之:翻译的“万金油”大多都是前人经验,有可取之处,但不可盲从。
注:例1来自笔者毕业论文翻译报告,例2的译文1是笔者的翻译,译文2来自公众号译匠,例3来自《非文学翻译理论与实践》(李长栓)。
关于作者
YNU在读翻译硕士一枚,不定期分享翻译思路~欢迎关注!(ˇ∀ˇ)













网友评论