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JavaEE_day13_Servlet

JavaEE_day13_Servlet

作者: 背对背拥抱 | 来源:发表于2017-06-14 18:24 被阅读0次

一、什么是servlet?

servlet是运行在服务器端的java小程序,是sun公司提供的一套规范(接口),主要用来处理客户端请求、响应给浏览器的web动态资源,实质上就是java代码。

二、Servlet快速入门:

1.创建一个类MyFirstServlet实现Servlet接口;
2.重写service方法;
3.配置web.xml文件

在实际开发中,一般情况下是继承HttpServlet类,然后覆盖doGet和doPost方法。

package com.zl.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

public class MyFirstServlet implements Servlet {

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("This is first servlet!!!");
    }
    
    
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        
    }
}

web.xml配置如下:

 <servlet>
    <servlet-name>MyFirstServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.zl.servlet.MyFirstServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>MyFirstServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/myFirstServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

三、Servlet的相关方法:

1.getServletName(): 获得servlet的name
2.getInitParameter("参数的name"): 获得servlet的初始化参数
3.getServletContext(): 获得Servletcontext对象

@Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //1、获得servlet的name----<servlet-name>abc</servlet-name>
        String servletName = config.getServletName();//MyFirstServlet
        System.out.println(servletName);
        //2、获得该servlet的初始化的参数
        String initParameter = config.getInitParameter("url");
        System.out.println(initParameter);
        //3、获得Servletcontext对象
        ServletContext servletContext = config.getServletContext();
        System.out.println(servletContext);
        
        System.out.println("init running !!!");
    }

四、Servket的生命周期:

1.Servlet接口中的方法:

(1)Init(ServletConfig config):
何时执行:创建Servlet对象时执行
ServletConfig:代表的是该Servlet对象的配置信息

(2)service(ServletRequest resquest , ServletResponse response):
何时执行:每次请求都会执行
ServletRequest: 代表请求,封装的是Http请求的信息
ServletResponse: 代表响应,封装的是服务器响应的信息

(3)destroy():
何时执行:servlet对象销毁的时候执行,也就是说服务器关闭的时候执行

2.HttpServlet类的方法:

(1)、init()
(2)、doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
(3)、doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
(4)、destroy()

3.Servlet的生命周期:

(1)Servlet何时创建:
默认第一次访问servlet时创建该对象

(2)Servlet何时销毁:
服务器关闭,servlet就销毁

(3)每次访问必执行的方法:
service(ServletResquest resquest , ServletResponse response)方法

五、Servlet配置:

1.基本配置
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>MyFirstServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.zl.servlet.MyFirstServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>MyFirstServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/myFirstServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

其中url-pattern的配置方式:
(1)完全匹配 访问的资源与配置的资源完全相同才能访问到:

<url-pattern>/myFirstServlet</url-pattern>

(2)目录匹配 格式:/虚拟的目录../* *代表任意:

<url-pattern>/aaa/bbb/ccc/*</url-pattern>

(3)扩展名匹配 格式:*.扩展名:

<url-pattern>/*.abcd</url-pattern>
2.服务器启动实例化配置:

Servlet何时创建:默认第一次访问时创建
为什么是默认?
当配置servlet时加上<load-on-startup>时,servlet对象就在服务器启东市创建。

 <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
3.缺省的Servlet:

可以将url-pattern配置一个/,代表该servlet是缺省的servlet。
什么是缺省的servlet?
当你访问资源地址所有的servlet都不匹配时 , 缺省的servlet负责处理

4.欢迎页面:
<welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

六、案例:用户登录

1.首先准备一个login.html页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/WEB13A/login" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br />
        密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br />
        <input type="submit" value="登录"><br />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

2.然后编写LoginServlet类:

package com.zl.login;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

import com.zl.domain.User;
import com.zl.utils.DataSourceUtils;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1.获取用户名和密码
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        
        //2.从数据库中验证该用户名密码是否正确
        QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourceUtils.getDataSource());
        String sql="select * from user where username=? and password=?";
        User user =null;
        try {
            user = qr.query(sql, new BeanHandler<User>(User.class), username,password);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        //3、根据返回的结果给用户不同显示信息
        if(user!=null){
            //登录成功
            response.getWriter().write(user.toString());
        }else{
            //登录失败
            response.getWriter().write("username or password error!!!");
        }
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

3.写一个User实体类:

package com.zl.domain;

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }
    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", email=" + email + "]";
    }
}

4.在WebContent下的WEB-INF下的lib文件夹导入三个包:


5.在src根目录下导入c3p0配置文件:
c3p0-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<c3p0-config>
    <default-config>
        <property name="user">root</property>
        <property name="password">a12345</property>
        <property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql:///web13</property>
    </default-config> 
</c3p0-config>

其中,web13是数据库名称。

6.编写DataSourceUtils类:

package com.zl.utils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;

public class DataSourceUtils {

    private static DataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();

    private static ThreadLocal<Connection> tl = new ThreadLocal<Connection>();

    // 直接可以获取一个连接池
    public static DataSource getDataSource() {
        return dataSource;
    }

    // 获取连接对象
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {

        Connection con = tl.get();
        if (con == null) {
            con = dataSource.getConnection();
            tl.set(con);
        }
        return con;
    }

    // 开启事务
    public static void startTransaction() throws SQLException {
        Connection con = getConnection();
        if (con != null) {
            con.setAutoCommit(false);
        }
    }

    // 事务回滚
    public static void rollback() throws SQLException {
        Connection con = getConnection();
        if (con != null) {
            con.rollback();
        }
    }

    // 提交并且 关闭资源及从ThreadLocall中释放
    public static void commitAndRelease() throws SQLException {
        Connection con = getConnection();
        if (con != null) {
            con.commit(); // 事务提交
            con.close();// 关闭资源
            tl.remove();// 从线程绑定中移除
        }
    }

    // 关闭资源方法
    public static void closeConnection() throws SQLException {
        Connection con = getConnection();
        if (con != null) {
            con.close();
        }
    }

    public static void closeStatement(Statement st) throws SQLException {
        if (st != null) {
            st.close();
        }
    }

    public static void closeResultSet(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
        if (rs != null) {
            rs.close();
        }
    }

}

整体目录结构如下:

七、ServletContext:

1.什么是ServletContext?
ServletContext代表是一个web应用的环境(上下文)对象,ServletContext对象内部封装是该web应用的信息,一个web应用只有一个ServletContext对象。

2.ServletContext对象的生命周期?
创建:该web应用被加载(服务器启动或发布web应用(前提,服务器启动状 态))
销毁:web应用被卸载(服务器关闭,移除该web应用)

3.获得web应用的初始化参数:
首先在web.xml配置<context-param>:

<context-param>
    <param-name>driver</param-name>
    <param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</param-value>
</context-param>

通过context获得参数:

//获取servletcontex对象
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //1、获得初始化参数
        String initParameter = context.getInitParameter("driver");
        System.out.println(initParameter);

4.获得web应用中任何资源的绝对路径:
方法:String path = context.getRealPath(相对于该web应用的相对地址);

a.txtWebContent下,b.txtWEB-INF下,c.txtsrc下,d.txtWEB13A下。

//2、获得a b c d.txt的绝对路径
        //2.1 获得a.txt
        String realPath_A = context.getRealPath("a.txt");
        System.out.println(realPath_A);
        //2.2 获得b.txt
        String realPath_B = context.getRealPath("WEB-INF/b.txt");
        System.out.println(realPath_B);
        //2.3 获得c.txt
        String realPath_C = context.getRealPath("WEB-INF/classes/c.txt");
        System.out.println(realPath_C);
        //2.4 获得d.txt----获取不到

        //在读取src(classes) 下的资源是可以同类加载器----专门加载classes 下的文件的
        //getResource() 参数是一个相对地址 相对classes
        String path = ContextServlet.class.getClassLoader().getResource("c.txt").getPath();
        System.out.println(path);

5.ServletContext是一个域对象:
什么是域对象?什么是域?
存储数据的区域就是域对象

ServletContext域对象的作用范围:整个web应用(所有的web资源都可以随意向servletcontext域中存取数据,数据可以共享)

域对象的通用的方法:

setAtrribute(String name,Object obj);
getAttribute(String name);
removeAttribute(String name);

案例:统计登录次数:

package com.itheima.login;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

import com.itheima.domain.User;
import com.itheima.utils.DataSourceUtils;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    @Override
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        //在Seveltcontext域中存一个数据count
        int count = 0;
        this.getServletContext().setAttribute("count", count);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        
        
        
        //username=zhangsan&password=123
        
        //1、获得用户名和密码
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        
        //2、从数据库中验证该用户名和密码是否正确
        QueryRunner runner = new QueryRunner(DataSourceUtils.getDataSource());
        String sql = "select * from user where username=? and password=?";
        User user = null;
        try {
            user = runner.query(sql, new BeanHandler<User>(User.class), username,password);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
        //3、根据返回的结果给用户不同显示信息
        if(user!=null){
            //从servletcontext中取出count进行++运算
            ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
            Integer count = (Integer) context.getAttribute("count");
            count++;
            //用户登录成功
            response.getWriter().write(user.toString()+"---you are success login person :"+count);
            context.setAttribute("count", count);
        }else{
            //用户登录失败
            response.getWriter().write("sorry your username or password is wrong");
        }
        
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

Servlet模板:

package ${enclosing_package};
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ${primary_type_name} extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.getWriter().write("hello haohao...");
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }
}

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