Words and phrases

1，The unemployment rate for young black men post-apartheid shot up, sometimes as high as 50 percent.

shoot up 猛涨

例如：Outside, the temperature, which had been below freezing for the past week, had shot up to the fifties.室外的温度在过去一星期里一直在零下，但那天却猛升到零上十多度。

我收集了一些表示“上升下降”的单词 分享在这里

表示“上升”的单词：  increase 、rise 、grow ,up 、swell 、climb 、escalate逐步增强 、multiply 、snowball、mushroom 、mount up 、hike up 、jack up 、spiral 、step up 、scale up 、bump up

还有一部分词专门强调“突然上升”、“激增”、“大幅上升”的意思

jump 、leap 、shoot up , spike,  leapfrog、skyrocket 、soar ，zoom , surge, balloon

例如：Sales shot up by 9% last month.

rally 回升

pick up （贸易或经济）好转，改善 If trade or the economy of a country picks up, it improves.

关于“下降”的单词:   fall ,decrease、reduce 、down  ,dump,  decline , shed,  sink, ,lower,  slash、drop 、slide、slip 、shrink 、dip 、curtail 、dwindle , diminish, descend

还有一些词表示“剧烈的”下降。 plummet、dive 、plunge 、slump 、tumble

2，You can get by on next to nothing.

get by  勉强过活；勉强应付

例如：I'm a survivor. I'll get by.我挺过来了，我能应付下去。

3，It was all crap he was boosting from people’s luggage.

boost  偷窃

NAmE, informal, becoming old-fashioned) to steal sth

4，The color scheme is cinder block and corrugated iron, gray and dark gray, punctuated by bright splashes of color.

cinder  煤渣；灰烬

punctuate  这里是强调的意思；其他意思，加标点于；不时打断

例如：He made gestures to punctuate his speech.他打手势来强调他的讲话。

Thoughts

It’s easy to be judgmental about crime when you live in a world wealthy enough to be removed from it. But the hood taught me that everyone has different notions of right and wrong, different definitions of what constitutes crime, and what level of crime they’re willing to participate in.

在贫穷的大环境下，他们根本无法真正的评价crime，因为很多人都是以此来维持生活，甚至有时候根本不知道买到的更便宜的东西是不是偷来的。Trevor那时也和周围的人一样以为 When white people lose stuff they get money, just another nice perk of being white. 贫穷最可怕的地方，不是物质的枯窘，而是精神上的窘迫，在无知无奈的情况下艰难谋生。你得谋生，你不得不做一些你自己有时都认为不对的事情。知识的匮乏才是最根本的贫穷。