Java 对象序列化和反序列化

序列化（Serialization）是将对象的状态信息转化为可以存储或者传输的形式(字节序列)的过程，反序列化则为其逆过程.

序列化使用ObjectOutputStream下的writeObject方法
反序列化使用ObjectInputStream下的readObject方法
对于类对象只有实现了Serializable接口，它的对象才是可序列化的, 所以要用implements Serializable, 作为一个类可以被序列化的标识, Serializable本身是一个空接口

import java.io.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class ObjectSerialization {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 对Map进行序列化和反序列化
        Map<String, Integer> map1 = new HashMap<>();
        map1.put("a", 1);
        map1.put("b", 2);
        map1.put("c", 3);
        Serialization(map1, "/data/test.dat");
        Map<String, Integer> map2 = (Map) Deserialization("/data/test.dat");
        System.out.println(map2);
        System.out.println(map2.get("a"));

        // 对类对象进行序列化和反序列化
        Student2 student = new Student2("gp", 14);
        student.getName();
        Serialization(student, "/data/testClass.dat");
        Student2 student2 = (Student2) Deserialization("/data/testClass.dat");
        student2.getName();

    }

    /**
     * 序列化
     *
     * @param object
     * @param path
     */
    public static void Serialization(Object object, String path) {
        try {
            ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
            objectOutputStream.writeObject(object);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 反序列化
     *
     * @param path
     * @return
     */
    public static Object Deserialization(String path) {
        Object result = null;
        try {
            ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
            result = objectInputStream.readObject();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

}

class Student2 implements Serializable {
    private final String name;
    private final int age;

    public Student2(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void getName() {
        System.out.println(this.name);
    }
}