GCD 队列组：dispatch_group
有时候我们会有这样的需求：分别异步执行多个耗时任务，当多个耗时任务都执行完毕后，再回到指定线程执行任务。这时候我们可以用到 GCD 的队列组。调用队列组的dispatch_group_async先把任务放到队列中，然后将队列放入队列组中。或者使用队列组的dispatch_group_enter、dispatch_group_leave组合来实现。调用队列组的dispatch_group_notify回到指定线程执行任务；或者使用dispatch_group_wait回到当前线程继续向下执行（会阻塞当前线程）。
放入线程组的任务执行完成了才会去调用dispatch_group_notify线程通知，而如果在任务中还嵌套了异步任务，线程组不会管这个嵌套异步任务是否执行完成，调用了这个任务就完成了，因为是异步的就不会等执行完成就继续下一步了，一旦线程组第一层的任务都执行完成了就会调用通知。如果将异步换成同步的，就要等待嵌套任务执行完成才会去通知。
dispatch_group_notify
监听 group 中任务的完成状态，当所有的任务都执行完成后，追加任务到 group 中，并执行任务。
- (void)groupNotify {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"begin");
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"111===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"222===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"333===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
NSLog(@"notify");
NSLog(@"notify===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
NSLog(@"end");
}
输出结果：
2018-11-23 10:17:32.570579+0800 OC-Swift[1732:40516] <NSThread: 0x600002913000>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-11-23 10:17:32.570755+0800 OC-Swift[1732:40516] begin
2018-11-23 10:17:32.570865+0800 OC-Swift[1732:40516] end
2018-11-23 10:17:33.576228+0800 OC-Swift[1732:41373] 222===<NSThread: 0x600002966040>{number = 10, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:17:33.576246+0800 OC-Swift[1732:41374] 333===<NSThread: 0x600002996540>{number = 11, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:17:33.576227+0800 OC-Swift[1732:40796] 111===<NSThread: 0x600002990c40>{number = 8, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:17:33.576692+0800 OC-Swift[1732:41373] notify
2018-11-23 10:17:33.576988+0800 OC-Swift[1732:41373] notify===<NSThread: 0x600002966040>{number = 10, name = (null)}
结果分析：
当所有任务都执行完成之后，才执行dispatch_group_notify 中的任务。
在线程组中嵌套使用dispatch_async:
- (void)groupNotify {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"begin");
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"111===%@",[NSThreadcurrentThread]);
});
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"222===%@",[NSThreadcurrentThread]);
});
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"333===%@",[NSThreadcurrentThread]);
});
});
dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
NSLog(@"notify");
NSLog(@"notify===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
输出结果：
2018-11-23 10:54:36.377735+0800 OC-Swift[2129:57999] <NSThread: 0x6000019ab6c0>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-11-23 10:54:36.377940+0800 OC-Swift[2129:57999] begin
2018-11-23 10:54:36.378130+0800 OC-Swift[2129:58026] notify
2018-11-23 10:54:36.378367+0800 OC-Swift[2129:58026] notify===<NSThread: 0x6000019d50c0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:54:37.383172+0800 OC-Swift[2129:58028] 222===<NSThread: 0x600001925f00>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:54:37.383191+0800 OC-Swift[2129:58025] 111===<NSThread: 0x600001928cc0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:54:37.383249+0800 OC-Swift[2129:58027] 333===<NSThread: 0x600001925e40>{number = 6, name = (null)}
结果分析：
一旦线程组第一层的任务都执行完成了就会调用通知。
在线程组中嵌套使用dispatch_async:
- (void)groupNotify {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"begin");
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"111===%@",[NSThreadcurrentThread]);
});
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"222===%@",[NSThreadcurrentThread]);
});
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"333===%@",[NSThreadcurrentThread]);
});
});
dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
NSLog(@"notify");
NSLog(@"notify===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
输出结果：
2018-11-23 10:57:56.254579+0800 OC-Swift[2168:59624] <NSThread: 0x600003e49340>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-11-23 10:57:56.254720+0800 OC-Swift[2168:59624] begin
2018-11-23 10:57:57.257480+0800 OC-Swift[2168:59659] 333===<NSThread: 0x600003ec83c0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:57:57.257486+0800 OC-Swift[2168:59660] 111===<NSThread: 0x600003ec8380>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:57:57.257480+0800 OC-Swift[2168:59658] 222===<NSThread: 0x600003e2dd00>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:57:57.257756+0800 OC-Swift[2168:59658] notify
2018-11-23 10:57:57.257924+0800 OC-Swift[2168:59658] notify===<NSThread: 0x600003e2dd00>{number = 4, name = (null)}
结果分析：
必须要等待嵌套任务执行完成才会去通知。
dispatch_group_wait
暂停当前线程（阻塞当前线程），等待指定的 group 中的任务执行完成后，才会往下继续执行。或者等待timeout发生超时，当在超时时间timeout内执行完了所有的任务返回0,否则返回非0值。
- (void)groupWait {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"begin");
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"111===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"222===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"333===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_group_wait(group, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
NSLog(@"end");
}
输出结果：
2018-11-23 10:21:14.961247+0800 OC-Swift[1821:43835] <NSThread: 0x600002796900>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-11-23 10:21:14.961411+0800 OC-Swift[1821:43835] begin
2018-11-23 10:21:15.962678+0800 OC-Swift[1821:43871] 333===<NSThread: 0x6000027e9180>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:21:15.962694+0800 OC-Swift[1821:43872] 222===<NSThread: 0x6000027ec000>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:21:15.962720+0800 OC-Swift[1821:43870] 111===<NSThread: 0x6000027ea080>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 10:21:15.962990+0800 OC-Swift[1821:43835] end
结果分析：
当所有任务执行完成之后，才执行dispatch_group_wait之后的操作，会阻塞当前线程。
设定等待时间：
- (void)groupWait {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"begin");
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"111===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"222===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:5];// 模拟耗时操作
NSLog(@"333===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_group_wait(group, dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(3 * NSEC_PER_SEC)));
NSLog(@"end");
}
输出结果：
2018-11-23 11:12:06.774259+0800 OC-Swift[2329:65999] <NSThread: 0x600003236980>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-11-23 11:12:06.774379+0800 OC-Swift[2329:65999] begin
2018-11-23 11:12:07.777851+0800 OC-Swift[2329:66031] 222===<NSThread: 0x60000325df80>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 11:12:07.777851+0800 OC-Swift[2329:66032] 111===<NSThread: 0x60000325e380>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 11:12:09.775667+0800 OC-Swift[2329:65999] end
2018-11-23 11:12:11.778701+0800 OC-Swift[2329:66030] 333===<NSThread: 0x6000032b4b00>{number = 5, name = (null)}
结果分析：
当超过设定的等待时间后，就会执行dispatch_group_wait之后的操作，不会等待任务组中未执行完的任务执行完成。
需要注意的：dispatch_group_wait是同步的所以不能放在主线程执行。
dispatch_group_enter、dispatch_group_leave
dispatch_group_enter标志着一个任务追加到 group，执行一次，相当于 group 中未执行完毕任务数+1
dispatch_group_leave标志着一个任务离开了 group，执行一次，相当于 group 中未执行完毕任务数-1。
当 group 中未执行完毕任务数为0的时候，才会使dispatch_group_wait解除阻塞，或者执行追加到dispatch_group_notify中的任务。
- (void)groupEnterAndLeave{
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"begin");
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_enter(group);
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
NSLog(@"111===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
dispatch_group_leave(group);
});
dispatch_group_enter(group);
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
NSLog(@"222===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
dispatch_group_leave(group);
});
dispatch_group_enter(group);
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
NSLog(@"333===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
dispatch_group_leave(group);
});
dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
NSLog(@"notify");
NSLog(@"notify===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
NSLog(@"end");
}
输出结果：
2018-11-23 14:34:24.784460+0800 OC-Swift[4127:148453] <NSThread: 0x600002bce880>{number = 1, name = main}
2018-11-23 14:34:24.784723+0800 OC-Swift[4127:148453] begin
2018-11-23 14:34:24.784877+0800 OC-Swift[4127:148453] end
2018-11-23 14:34:25.790320+0800 OC-Swift[4127:148487] 111===<NSThread: 0x600002b40040>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 14:34:25.790320+0800 OC-Swift[4127:148485] 222===<NSThread: 0x600002b40c00>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 14:34:25.790326+0800 OC-Swift[4127:148486] 333===<NSThread: 0x600002bbd080>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 14:34:25.790708+0800 OC-Swift[4127:148485] notify
2018-11-23 14:34:25.790986+0800 OC-Swift[4127:148485] notify===<NSThread: 0x600002b40c00>{number = 4, name = (null)}
结果分析：
当所有任务执行完成之后，才执行 dispatch_group_notify 中的任务。这里的dispatch_group_enter、dispatch_group_leave组合，其实等同于dispatch_group_async。
注意：如果使用上面两个函数，那么只有在任务管理组中的dispatch_group_enter和dispatch_group_leave都平衡的情况下dispatch_group_notify才会执行，它们一般是成对出现的, 进入一次就得离开一次。也就是说，当离开和进入的次数相同时，就代表任务组完成了。如果enter比leave多，那就是没完成，如果leave调用的次数多了， 会崩溃的。
在上面dispatch_group_notify的例子中，在线程组中嵌套使用dispatch_async，发现一旦线程组第一层的任务都执行完成了就会调用通知。这里dispatch_group_enter和dispatch_group_leave就派上用场了，它们可以确保等待嵌套任务执行完成才会去通知：
- (void)groupEnterAndLeave {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"begin");
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create();
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_group_enter(group);
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
NSLog(@"111===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
dispatch_group_leave(group);
});
dispatch_group_enter(group);
dispatch_group_async(group, queue, ^{
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:4];
NSLog(@"222===%@",[NSThreadcurrentThread]);
dispatch_group_leave(group);
});
});
dispatch_group_enter(group);
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
NSLog(@"333===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
dispatch_group_leave(group);
});
dispatch_group_notify(group, queue, ^{
NSLog(@"notify");
NSLog(@"notify===%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
NSLog(@"end");
}
输出结果：
2018-11-23 15:59:05.550556+0800 OC-Swift[5031:183263] begin
2018-11-23 15:59:05.550672+0800 OC-Swift[5031:183263] end
2018-11-23 15:59:06.553207+0800 OC-Swift[5031:183299] 111===<NSThread: 0x60000153ed40>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 15:59:06.553207+0800 OC-Swift[5031:183296] 333===<NSThread: 0x60000153ec00>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 15:59:09.550970+0800 OC-Swift[5031:183298] 222===<NSThread: 0x600001531880>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-11-23 15:59:09.551351+0800 OC-Swift[5031:183299] notify
2018-11-23 15:59:09.551803+0800 OC-Swift[5031:183299] notify===<NSThread: 0x60000153ed40>{number = 3, name = (null)}
结果分析：
嵌套任务执行完成才会去通知。
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