官方地址：https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql?tab=tags

下载mysql

docker pull mysql:5.7

安装完成后，用 docker images命令可以看到多了一个mysql的镜像

[root@flower-core /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
ffbb094f4f9e: Pull complete
df186527fc46: Pull complete
fa362a6aa7bd: Pull complete
5af7cb1a200e: Pull complete
949da226cc6d: Pull complete
bce007079ee9: Pull complete
eab9f076e5a3: Pull complete
c7b24c3f27af: Pull complete
6fc26ff6705a: Pull complete
bec5cdb5e7f7: Pull complete
6c1cb25f7525: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d1cc87a3bd5dc07defc837bc9084f748a130606ff41923f46dec1986e0dc828d
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@flower-core /]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
mysql        5.7       738e7101490b   7 days ago   448MB

启动mysql容器

docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /mydata/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d mysql:5.7

--name 给当前容器命名
前三个-v 是目录挂载 相当于在linux下创建了快捷方式可以看到mysql容器中的数据信息

查看docker正在运行的容器

可以看到mysql已经启动成功了

[root@flower-core /]# docker  ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
91b71dd3e55a   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   16 seconds ago   Up 15 seconds   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql

进入linux bash 控制台，相当于进入mysql容器里面

docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash

root@91b71dd3e55a:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  docker-entrypoint-initdb.d  entrypoint.sh  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

退出容器

exit;

查看mysql安装路径

root@91b71dd3e55a:/# whereis mysql
mysql: /usr/bin/mysql /usr/lib/mysql /etc/mysql /usr/share/mysql

修改mysql配置文件

配置字符编码为utf-8

[root@flower-core /]# cd mydata/mysql/
[root@flower-core mysql]# ll
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root             root 4096 Dec 10 15:03 conf
drwxr-xr-x 5 systemd-coredump root 4096 Dec 10 15:04 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root             root 4096 Dec 10 15:03 log
[root@flower-core mysql]# cd conf/
[root@flower-core conf]# ll
total 0
[root@flower-core conf]# vi my.conf

将下面内容粘贴到文件中，保存并退出

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection =utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
skip-name-resolve

重启mysql容器

docker restart mysql

查看我们保存的配置文件

[root@flower-core conf]# docker restart mysql
mysql
[root@flower-core conf]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
root@91b71dd3e55a:/# cd /etc/mysql/
root@91b71dd3e55a:/etc/mysql# ls
my.conf
root@91b71dd3e55a:/etc/mysql# cat my.conf 
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection =utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
skip-name-resolve

设置docker重启时，mysql容器也自动重启

docker update mysql --restart=always