filebeat是用于"转发"和"集中日志数据"的轻量级数据采集器。
filebeat会监视指定的日志文件路径，收集日志事件并将数据转发到elasticsearch，logstash，redis，kafka存储服务器。
当您要面对成百上千，甚至成千上万的服务器，虚拟机的容器生成的日志时，请告别SSH吧。
Filebeat将为您提供一种轻量级方法，用于转发和汇总日志与文件，让简单的事情不再繁杂。
| Filebeat的组件
Filebeat包含两个主要组件，input(输入)和Harvester(收割机)，两个组件协同工作将文件的尾部最新数据发送出去。
Harveste组件: 负责逐行读取单个文件的内容,然后将内容发送到输出。
input组件: 输入负责管理收割机并找到所有要读取的源。该参数的源文件路径需要使用者手动配置。
Spooler(缓冲区): 将Harvester组件采集的数据进行统一的缓存,并发往目的端,可以是 Elasticsearch, Logstash , kafka 和 Redis 等。
| Filebeat工作原理
filebeat工作流程如下:
1、filebeat启动后，filebeat通过Input读取指定的日志路径;
2、为该文件日志启动收割进程harvester,每个收割进程读取一个日志文件的新内容,并发送这些新的日志数据到处理程序spooler;
3、spooler会集合这些事件,最后filebeat会发送集合的数据到你指定的位置。
Filebeat如何保持文件的状态?
Filebeat保持每个文件的状态,并经常将状态刷新到注册表文件(data/registry/filebeat/log.json)中的磁盘。
该状态用于记住收割机读取的最后一个偏移量,并确保发送所有日志行。
Filebeat如何确保至少一次交付?
Filebeat保证事件将至少传送到配置的输出一次并且不会丢失数据。
Filebeat能够实现这种行为，因为它将每个事件的传递状态存储在注册表文件中。
部署Filebeat环境
| 安装Filebeat软件
# 编译安装Filebeatwget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-7.12.1-linux-x86_64.tar.gztar xf filebeat-7.12.1-linux-x86_64.tar.gz-C/oldboyedu/softwares/cd/oldboyedu/softwares/ln-s filebeat-7.12.1-linux-x86_64 filebeatvim/etc/profile.d/filebeat.sh# 添加Filebeat的环境变量cat/etc/profile.d/filebeat.sh#!/bin/bashexport FILE_BEAT=/oldboyedu/softwares/filebeatexport PATH=$PATH:$FILE_BEAT# 使环境变量生效source/etc/profile.d/filebeat.sh# 查看环境变量是否生效which filebeat
| filebeat参数介绍
| 运行第一个实例
将标准输入的数据进行标准输出
vim stdin-to-console.yamlfilebeat.inputs:-type:stdin enabled:trueoutput.console:pretty:true enable:true# 查看filebeat的输出filebeat-e-c stdin-to-console.yaml
企业实战
| nginx日志收集
安装nginx
yum-y install epel-releaseyum-y install nginx
创建配置文件
vim/etc/nginx/conf.d/elk103.oldboyedu.com.confserver{listen80;server_name es.oldboyedu.com;root/oldboyedu/data/nginx/;location/{index index.html;}}
创建测试数据
mkdir-p/oldboyedu/data/nginx/echo"<h1>老男孩教育</h1>">/oldboyedu/data/nginx/index.html
检查配置文件
nginx-t
启动nginx服务
systemctl start nginx
测试nginx服务
# 编写脚本vim/server/scripts/nginx.sh#!/bin/bashwhiletrue doforiin"curl es.oldboyedu.com"doTime=$((RANDOM%5+1))echo"本次间隔时间为：$Time"curl elk103.oldboyedu.comsleep $Time donedone
配置nginx收集JSON并重启nginx
# 修改nginx的配置文件vim/etc/nginx/nginx.conf...# 自定义nginx的日志格式为json格式log_format oldboyedu_nginx_json'{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",''"host":"$server_addr",''"clientip":"$remote_addr",''"size":$body_bytes_sent,''"responsetime":$request_time,''"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",''"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",''"http_host":"$host",''"uri":"$uri",''"domain":"$host",''"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",''"referer":"$http_referer",''"tcp_xff":"$proxy_protocol_addr",''"http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",''"status":"$status"}';access_log/var/log/nginx/access.log oldboyedu_nginx_json;# 测试配置文件是否正常nginx-t# 重新加载nginxsystemctl restart nginx
配置filebeat的配置文件
vim01-nginx-to-es.yamlfilebeat.inputs:-type:log paths:-/var/log/nginx/access.log tags:"nginx"# 默认值为false，我们需要修改为true，即不会将消息存储至message字段!json.keys_under_root:trueoutput.elasticsearch:hosts:["192.168.56.130:9200","192.168.56.131:9200","192.168.56.132:9200"]#index: "oldboy-2022-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"indices:-index:"oldboyedu-nginx2022-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"nginx"# 禁用索引的生命周期!setup.ilm.enabled:false# 指定索引模板的名称setup.template.name:"oldboyedu"# 指定索引模板的匹配模式setup.template.pattern:"oldboyedu-nginx*"# 指定索引模板的分片信息setup.template.settings:index.number_of_shards:5index.number_of_replicas:0
收集nginx的错误日志
vim02-nginx-to-es.yaml filebeat.inputs:-type:log paths:-/var/log/nginx/access.log tags:"nginx-access"# 默认值为false，我们需要修改为true，即不会将消息存储至message字段!json.keys_under_root:true-type:log paths:-/var/log/nginx/error.log tags:"nginx-error"output.elasticsearch:hosts:["192.168.56.130:9200","192.168.56.131:9200","192.168.56.132:9200"]#index: "oldboy-2022-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"indices:-index:"oldboyedu-nginx-access-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"nginx-access"-index:"oldboyedu-nginx-error-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"nginx-error"# 禁用索引的生命周期!setup.ilm.enabled:false# 指定索引模板的名称setup.template.name:"oldboyedu"# 指定索引模板的匹配模式setup.template.pattern:"oldboyedu-nginx*"# 指定索引模板的分片信息setup.template.settings:index.number_of_shards:5index.number_of_replicas:0
| Nginx多虚拟主机
配置nginx的多虚拟主机
vim/etc/nginx/conf.d/bbs.oldboyedu.com.confserver{listen80;server_name bbs.oldboyedu.com;root/oldboyedu/data/nginx/bbs;# 指定access.log的存储路径及日志格式.access_log/var/log/nginx/bbs.log oldboyedu_nginx_json;location/{index index.html;}}vim/etc/nginx/conf.d/blog.oldboyedu.com.conf server{listen80;server_name blog.oldboyedu.com;root/oldboyedu/data/nginx/blog;# 指定access.log的存储路径及日志格式.access_log/var/log/nginx/blog.log oldboyedu_nginx_json;location/{index index.html;}}
创建测试数据
mkdir-p/oldboyedu/data/nginx/{blog,bbs}echo"<h1>blog</h1>">/oldboyedu/data/nginx/blog/index.htmlecho"<h1>bbs</h1>">/oldboyedu/data/nginx/bbs/index.html# 检查配置文件的语法nginx-t# 修改主机名映射vim/etc/hosts...192.168.56.132blog.oldboyedu.com192.168.56.132bbs.oldboyedu.com# 重启nginx服务systemctl restart nginx# 测试服务curl blog.oldboyedu.comcurl bbs.oldboyedu.com
编写fielbeat的yaml
vim nginx_vm_host.yamlfilebeat.inputs:-type:log enabled:true paths:-/var/log/nginx/access.log# false会将json解析的格式存储至message，改为true则不存储至messagejson.keys_under_root:true# 覆盖默认的message字段，使用自定义json格式的keyjson.overwrite_keys:true# 为访问日志("access.log")打标签tags:["nginx-access"]-type:log enabled:true paths:-/var/log/nginx/blog.log# false会将json解析的格式存储至message，改为true则不存储至messagejson.keys_under_root:true# 覆盖默认的message字段，使用自定义json格式的keyjson.overwrite_keys:true# 为访问日志("access.log")打标签tags:["nginx-blog"]-type:log enabled:true paths:-/var/log/nginx/demo.log# false会将json解析的格式存储至message，改为true则不存储至messagejson.keys_under_root:true# 覆盖默认的message字段，使用自定义json格式的keyjson.overwrite_keys:true# 为访问日志("access.log")打标签tags:["nginx-demo"]-type:log enable:true paths:-/var/log/nginx/error.log# 为错误日志("error.log")打标签tags:["nginx-error"]output.elasticsearch:hosts:["192.168.56.130:9200","192.168.56.131:9200","192.168.56.132:9200"]# index: "nginx-access-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"# 注意哈，下面的标签不再是"index"啦~indices:-index:"nginx-access-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"nginx-access"-index:"nginx-error-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"nginx-error"-index:"nginx-blog-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"nginx-blog"-index:"nginx-demo-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"nginx-demo"setup.ilm.enabled:false# 定义模板名称.setup.template.name:"nginx"# 定义模板的匹配索引名称.setup.template.pattern:"nginx-*"[root@oldboy-es03 project]# filebeat -e -c nginx_vm_host.yaml
| Tomcat日志收集
部署tomcat
tar zxf apache-tomcat-10.0.6.tar.gz-C/oldboy/softwares/cd/oldboyedu/softwares/ln-s apache-tomcat-10.0.6tomcat# 配置JDK 的环境变量vim/etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh#!/bin/bashexport TOMCAT_HOME=/oldboyedu/softwares/tomcatexport PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin# 让环境变量生效./etc/profile.d/tomcat.shcatalina.sh# 配置tomcat的JSON格式vim/oldboyedu/softwares/tomcat/conf/server.xml···(大概在133行哟~)<Host name="tomcat.oldboyedu.com"appBase="webapps"unpackWARs="true"autoDeploy="true">...(需要手动注释一下原内容)<!--<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"directory="logs"prefix="localhost_access_log"suffix=".txt"pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b"/>--><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"directory="logs"prefix="tomcat.oldboyedu.com_access_log"suffix=".txt"pattern="{"clientip":"%h","ClientUser":"%l","authenticated":"%u","AccessTime":"%t","request":"%r","status":"%s","SendBytes":"%b","Query?string":"%q","partner":"%{Referer}i","AgentVersion":"%{User-Agent}i"}"/>...# 配置主机解析vim/etc/hosts...19.168.56.132tomcat.oldboyedu.com# 启动tomcat服务catalina.sh start# 验证服务略。
使用filebeat收集日志
vim~/conf/project/tomcat01.tomcat-to-es.yamlfilebeat.inputs:-type:log paths:-/oldboyedu/softwares/tomcat/logs/tomcat.oldboyedu.com_access_log.*.txt# false会将json解析的格式存储至message，改为true则不存储至messagejson.keys_under_root:true# 为访问日志("access.log")打标签tags:"tomcat-access"output.elasticsearch:hosts:["192.168.56.130:9200","192.168.56.131:9200","192.168.56.132:9200"]# 注意哈，下面的标签不再是"index"啦~indices:-index:"tomcat-access-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"tomcat-access"setup.ilm.enabled:false# 定义模板名称.setup.template.name:"tomcat"# 定义模板的匹配索引名称.setup.template.pattern:"tomcat-*"# 指定索引模板的分片信息setup.template.settings:index.number_of_shards:3index.number_of_replicas:0[root@oldboy-es03~]#
收集错误日志
vim~/conf/project/tomcat/03.tomcat-to-es.yamlfilebeat.inputs:-type:log paths:-/oldboyedu/softwares/tomcat/logs/tomcat.oldboyedu.com_access_log.*.txt json.keys_under_root:true tags:"tomcat-access"-type:log paths:-/oldboyedu/softwares/tomcat/logs/catalina*tags:"tomcat-error"multiline.type:pattern multiline.pattern:'^\d{2}'multiline.negate:true multiline.match:after multiline.max_lines:1000output.elasticsearch:hosts:["192.168.56.130:9200","192.168.56.131:9200","192.168.56.132:9200"]indices:-index:"tomcat-access-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"tomcat-access"-index:"tomcat-error-%{[agent.version]}-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"when.contains:tags:"tomcat-error"setup.ilm.enabled:falsesetup.template.name:"tomcat"setup.template.pattern:"tomcat-*"setup.template.settings:index.number_of_shards:3index.number_of_replicas:0
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