中华思想文化之微言大义4
国学经典:中华思想文化之微言大义4
【文前小序】
中华文化博大精深,源远流长。教育部、国家语委已经发布“中华思想文化术语传播工程”首批术语。对“仁”、“义”、“道”等81条反映中华传统文化特征与思维方式的核心术语,中国官方正式对外发布了简明中文释义和英文翻译。在致力于建立人类命运共同体的历史使命感召下,在一带一路思想和新时代精神的引领下,中国的政治、经济、文化、科技、外交等诸多领域已进入全新的历史时期,为实现中华民族伟大的复兴,大力弘扬中华民族优秀的文化传统,我们共同学习、研究、传播纯正的中华思想文化,在此,将81条核心术语的微言大义分享给诸位,以正本清源,传播正能量,把国学经典中的精华向整个华人世界普及推广,让屹立于世界东方的中华思想文化蕴涵凝聚的人类智慧和普世价值观,如春风化雨滋润大地,成为21世纪的全球和平发展的共同福祉。
中华思想文化之微言大义4
4.理lǐ
Li
本义指玉石的纹理,引申而有三重含义:其一,指具体事物的样式或性质,如短长、大小、方圆、坚脆、轻重、白黑等物理属性;其二,指万事万物所遵循的普遍法则;其三,指事物的本原或本体。后两种含义与“道”相近。宋明时期的学者特别注重对“理”的阐发,以“理”为最高范畴,因此宋明时期占主导地位的学术体系被称为“理学”。
The
original meaning of li (理) was thetexture of jade; later it was extended to contain three
meanings: 1) thephysical forms or proprieties of things, such as length, size,
shape, tensilestrength, weight, and color; 2) the universal laws followed by
all things andbeings; and 3) the original source or ontological existence of
things. The lasttwo meanings are similar to those of Dao. Scholars of the Song
and Mingdynasties were particularly interested in describing and explaining
thephilosophy known as li (理), and considered it as thehighest realm, giving rise to the School ofPrinciple which dominated academicthought in the period from the Song to theMing dynasties.
例句 Examples:
◎物无妄然,必由其理。(王弼《周易略例》)
(事物没有随意而为的,必然会因循其理。)
Nothinghappens at random; eachfollows its own li (laws). (Wang Bi: A Brief Expositionof The Book of Changes)
◎有物必有则,一物须有一理。(《二程遗书》卷十八)
(每一事物的存在必有其法则,但所有事物都须有万物皆同的理。)
Everythingexists according toits objective law but all things must follow the common li(law). (Writings ofthe Cheng Brothers)












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