线程不安全示例

/**
 * 描述：     1000个打印日期的任务，用线程池来执行
 */
public class ThreadLocalNormalUsage03 {

    public static ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
    static SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            threadPool.submit(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    String date = new ThreadLocalNormalUsage03().date(finalI);
                    System.out.println(date);
                }
            });
        }
        threadPool.shutdown();
    }

    public String date(int seconds) {
        //参数的单位是毫秒，从1970.1.1 00:00:00 GMT计时
        Date date = new Date(1000 * seconds);
        return dateFormat.format(date);
    }
}

运行结果

SimpleDateFormat 是不安全的，被多个线程共用情况下。

使用ThreadLocal解决

/**
 * 描述：     利用ThreadLocal，给每个线程分配自己的dateFormat对象，保证了线程安全，高效利用内存
 */
public class ThreadLocalNormalUsage05 {

    public static ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            int finalI = i;
            threadPool.submit(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    String date = new ThreadLocalNormalUsage05().date(finalI);
                    System.out.println(date);
                }
            });
        }
        threadPool.shutdown();
    }

    public String date(int seconds) {
        //参数的单位是毫秒，从1970.1.1 00:00:00 GMT计时
        Date date = new Date(1000 * seconds);
//        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = ThreadSafeFormatter.dateFormatThreadLocal2.get();
        return dateFormat.format(date);
    }
}

//下面两种方法功能一样，实现方式不同
class ThreadSafeFormatter {

    public static ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> dateFormatThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
        @Override
        protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
            return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        }
    };

    public static ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> dateFormatThreadLocal2 = ThreadLocal
            .withInitial(() -> new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
}