一直使用springboot的部分功能，但是对springboot的理解还是不够全面的，期望能够有个全面的认知

本次读书笔记书籍：https://gitee.com/dalaoyang/springboot_book
https://item.jd.com/12663734.html?dist=jd

1 为什么使用springboot

快速，方便配置，的工具强大

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2 spring的基础功能

web项目

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        return "hello world";
    }
}

webflux 异步的响应式编程Reactive Stream

  <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

• 配置路由
• 配置方法

 public Mono<ServerResponse> hello(ServerRequest request){
        return ServerResponse.ok().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .body(BodyInserters.fromObject("Hello, This is a SpringBoot WebFlux Project !"));
    }

热启动
···
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
···

支持自定义属性通过@Value("${属性名}")

支持配置的来源和前缀

@PropertySource(value = "classpath:test.properties")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "com.book")

支持多配置，通过active指定
···
spring.profiles.active=test
···

支持面板

• thymeleaf
• freemarker
• 使用jsp

模板定义

spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/ 
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html

模板
th:text="${msg}"

jsp支持
spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/jsp/
spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp

bootstrap和jquery
···

<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
<version>3.3.7-1</version>
</dependency>

    <!-- 引用jquery -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
        <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.1</version>
    </dependency>

···

国际化，使用国际化的拦截器
···
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
SessionLocaleResolver slr = new SessionLocaleResolver();
// 默认使用的语言
slr.setDefaultLocale(Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE);
return slr;
}

@Bean
public LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor() {
    LocaleChangeInterceptor lci = new LocaleChangeInterceptor();
    // 参数名 用于区别使用语言类型
    lci.setParamName("lang");
    return lci;
}

···

上传或者下载

···java

上传文件

@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file
写入文件file.transferTo(dest);

批量上传

List<MultipartFile> files = ((MultipartHttpServletRequest) request).getFiles("file");

下载文件

response.setContentType("application/force-download");// 设置强制下载不打开
response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + fileName);// 设置文件名
···

3 操作数据库

springboot支持的数据库

• mysql,sql server,oracle
• mongodb,neo4j,redis,memcached

支持jdbc

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>

#insert
jdbcTemplate.update(sql);
#update
jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE USER SET USER_PASSWORD = ? WHERE ID = ?",passWord,id);
#batch
jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql,paramList);
#delete
jdbcTemplate.update("DELETE FROM  ad  WHERE ID = ?",id)
#query get list and one
jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new Object[]{name},new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Ad.class));
jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,new Object[]{id},new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class));

jpa

<!-- JPA依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
<dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

jpa的实体已经包含了各种操作，不必特殊处理了

jpa基础操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Long> {

    @Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE userName = :userName")
    List<User> findAllByUserName(@Param("userName") String userName);
}

最新的mysql驱动

 <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.29</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
mybatis 支持3中方式
* xml
* 接口注解写sql
* sqlProvider模式

 @SelectProvider(type = UserSqlProvider.class,method = "getSql")

##检查 mybatis 配置是否存在，一般命名为 mybatis-config.xml
mybatis.check-config-location =true
##配置文件位置
mybatis.config-location=classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
## mapper xml 文件地址
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath*:mapper/*Mapper.xml
##日志级别
logging.level.com.springboot.dao.UserMapper=debug

mybatis支持生成map的xml文件

分页插件
<dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.5</version>
        </dependency>

mybatis-plus插件

 <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus</artifactId>
            <version>xxx</version>
        </dependency>

多数据源：为什么要多数据源？垂直和水平分库分表。逻辑清晰，减少数据库压力
jpa多数据源

• 多个DataSource，EntityManager，LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean，PlatformTransactionManager

mybatis多数据源

• 多个datasource，SqlSessionFactory，DataSourceTransactionManager，SqlSessionTemplate

@Configuration
@MapperScan(basePackages = "xxx.datasource",
        sqlSessionTemplateRef = "sqlSessionTemplatePrimary")
public class TestDataSourceConfig {
    @Bean(name = "sqlSessionFactoryPrimary")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionFactory masterSqlSessionFactory(@Qualifier("testDataSource") DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);
        //如果使用xml写SQL的话在这里配置
        //bean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/datasource/*.xml"));
        return bean.getObject();
    }

    @Bean(name = "transactionManagerPrimary")
    @Primary
    public DataSourceTransactionManager masterDataSourceTransactionManager(@Qualifier("testDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean(name = "sqlSessionTemplatePrimary")
    @Primary
    public SqlSessionTemplate masterSqlSessionTemplate(@Qualifier("sqlSessionFactoryPrimary") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) {
        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);
    }

druid的操作 http://localhost:8080/druid/index.html，很强大

4 操作cache

starter-cache默认的cache操作

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
        </dependency>
@EnableCaching 开启注解

缓存相关的操作
@Cacheable(value = "user", key = "#id")
@CachePut(value = "user", key = "#id")
@CacheEvict(value = "user", key = "#id")

操作redis

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

redis基本操作
RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class));
        ValueOperations<String, Object> vo = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
        vo.set(key, value);

ValueOperations<String, Object> vo = redisTemplate.opsForValue();

操作memcached

<dependency>
            <groupId>net.spy</groupId>
            <artifactId>spymemcached</artifactId>
            <version>2.12.2</version>
</dependency>

5 写日志

• 默认支持logback
• log4j
• log4j2
• elk日志收集：es，logstash，kibana

<dependency>
            <groupId>net.logstash.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logstash-logback-encoder</artifactId>
            <version>5.3</version>
</dependency>

1. 支持直接收集日志到es，给es压力较大
2. 使用kafka队列收集日志

6 安全之旅

安全框架shiro（身份验证，授权，会话管理，加密）

• 验证用户身份
• 为用户执行访问控制
• 使用session api
• 身份验证，回话事件做出控制
• 聚合数据源
• 单点登录

提供的功能

• web支持，缓存，并发，测试，运行方式，记住用户状态

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.0</version>
    </dependency>

# 配置shiro
* SecurityManager 实现安全管理
* ShiroFilterFactoryBean 实现过滤
  * 设置安全管理
  * 设置拦截器:filterChainDefinitionMap
* shiro 注解 AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor
* 异常处理 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver

# 实现AuthorizingRealm，进行角色控制
  * doGetAuthenticationInfo验证登录
  * doGetAuthorizationInfo获取角色的授权列表

spring-security

实现UserDetailsService接口
@Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        User user = userRepository.findByUserName(username);
        if (user == null){
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户不存在！");
        }
        List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> simpleGrantedAuthorities = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Role role : user.getRoleList()) {
            simpleGrantedAuthorities.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority(role.getRoleName()));
        }
        return new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(user.getUserName(), user.getPassWord(), simpleGrantedAuthorities);
    }

在WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter上配置
* 支持数据库和密码认证
* configureGlobal
* configure


httpSecurity
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/css/**", "/index").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/select").hasRole("USER")
                .antMatchers("/delete").hasRole("ADMIN");

7 监控

actuator监控

端点  /actuator/ /actuator/health
management.endpoint.shutdown.enabled= true
#开启全部
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include= *
#开启个别端点
#management.endpoints.web.exposure.include= heapdump,env
#鉴权使用
spring.security.user.name=admin
spring.security.user.password=123456
spring.security.user.roles=ENDPOINT_ADMIN

#显示详细信息
management.endpoint.health.show-details=always

加密
<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
 </dependency>

重新显示health: public class MyHealthIndicator implements HealthIndicator
可以重写路径的方法比如http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/health

image.png

admin监控

1. 通过http注册信息
2. admin-server通过服务发现的client收集客户端的信息


注册server
        <dependency>
            <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
注册client
 <dependency>
            <groupId>de.codecentric</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-admin-starter-client</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.3</version>
        </dependency>

admin-server:http://127.0.0.1:8080/#/applications
eureka-server:http://127.0.0.1:8761/

image.png

prometheus+grafana监控

普罗米修斯注册
 <dependency>
            <groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
            <artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId>
 </dependency>

使用
 @Bean
    MeterRegistryCustomizer<MeterRegistry> metricsCommonTags() {
        return registry -> registry.config().commonTags("application", applicationName);
    }

访问
http://127.0.0.1:8080/actuator/prometheus

image.png