parted创建GPT分区

parted创建GPT分区（fdisk不支持创建GPT分区，GPT支持大于2TB分区，MBR不支持）

介绍2种分区表：
MBR分区表：（MBR含义：主引导记录）
所支持的最大卷：2T （T; terabytes,1TB=1024GB）
对分区的设限：最多4个主分区或3个主分区加一个扩展分区。

GPT分区表：（GPT含义：GUID分区表）
支持最大卷：18EB，（E：exabytes,1EB=1024TB）
每个磁盘最多支持128个分区

所以如果要大于2TB的卷或分区就必须得用GPT分区表。

Linux下fdisk工具不支持GPT，得使用另一个GNU发布的强大分区工具parted。

fdisk工具用的话，会有下面的警告信息：

# fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

下面是用parted工具对/dev/sda做GPT分区的过程：

# parted /dev/nvme0n1
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/nvme0n1
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
    
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/nvme0n1 will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? Yes      
                                                             
(parted) p                                                                
Model: Unknown (unknown)
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 4001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 
   
Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags
   
(parted) mkpart primary 0KB 4001GB
Warning: You requested a partition from 0.00B to 4001GB (sectors 0..7814037167).
The closest location we can manage is 17.4kB to 4001GB (sectors 34..7814037134).
Is this still acceptable to you?
Yes/No? Yes
                                                                    
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore                                                     
(parted) p
                                                                    
Model: Unknown (unknown)
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 4001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      17.4kB  4001GB  4001GB  ext4         primary

(parted) q                                                                
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

root@node01:/#fdisk -l
              .....
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.

Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 4000.8 GB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 3C3360DC-B16D-4644-97F5-DE051D620D9E


#         Start          End    Size  Type            Name
 1           34   7814037134    3.7T  Microsoft basic primary

# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/nvme0n1p1
meta-data=/dev/nvme0n1p1         isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=244188660 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=976754637, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=476930, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

    
# mkdir  /data
# mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /data
# lsblk 
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  2.2T  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    2M  0 part 
├─sda2            8:2    0 1000M  0 part /boot
├─sda3            8:3    0  2.1T  0 part 
│ └─centos-root 253:0    0  2.1T  0 lvm  /
└─sda4            8:4    0 62.5G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
nvme0n1         259:0    0  3.7T  0 disk 
└─nvme0n1p1     259:1    0  3.7T  0 part /data

# vi /etc/fstab

        ...
/dev/nvme0n1p1 /data                xfs defaults    1 2