- What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?
Answer:
• Freed the slaves
• Freed slaves in the Confederacy
• Freed slaves in the Confederate states
• Freed slaves in most Southern states
Explanation:
In 1860, there were approximately four million slaves (or people who are owned and have to work without being paid) in the United States. By 1865, there were no slaves because they had all been given freedom. Their freedom came from President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation.
Abraham Lincoln’s proclamation (or public announcement) emancipated (or gave freedom to) all slaves in the United States. The Emancipation Proclamation, which was made in 1863, made slavery illegal or not legal. This was a very risky decision, which means that it was a decision that could have caused a lot of trouble for Abraham Lincoln. The country was being torn in two (or strongly divided) between the northern states where slavery was illegal and the southern states where there were still many slaves.
Abolitionists (or people who wanted slavery to end) had been asking Abraham Lincoln to make slavery illegal for a long time. But he had to act cautiously (or slowly and very carefully). He knew that the political decision would be very risky. In fact, he did not make the Emancipation Proclamation until the Civil War (or the war between America’s northern and southern states) had already started.
The Emancipation Proclamation made slavery illegal in the Union (or the northern states), but the Confederacy (or southern states) was no longer listening to the President of the United States at that time. Slavery didn’t become illegal in those southern states until they became part of the United States again after the northern states won the Civil War. Some of the southern states made slavery illegal right away, but others did it gradually (or a little bit at a time). Two states, Delaware and Kentucky, did not emancipate their slaves until 1865.
When the Emancipation Proclamation was read aloud, many slaves wept (or cried) with happiness. They were happy to have their freedom and to know that their children would be free. However, it would be many years before they would begin to be treated equally (or in the same way) as white Americans. Even today there is still discrimination (or unfair treatment) against some African Americans or black Americans.
- 解放奴隶宣言做了什么?
回答：
•解放奴隶
•释放邦联的奴隶
•释放同盟国的奴隶
•释放大多数在南方州的奴隶
解释:
在1860年，美国大约有400万奴隶(或被拥有并被迫无偿工作的人)。1865年，没有奴隶，因为他们都获得了自由。他们的自由来自亚伯拉罕·林肯总统的解放宣言。
亚伯拉罕·林肯的宣言解放了美国所有的奴隶。1863年的《解放奴隶宣言》将奴隶制定为非法。这是一个非常冒险的决定，这意味着这个决定可能会给亚伯拉罕·林肯带来很多麻烦。这个国家正被分裂成两个(或强烈分裂):一个是奴隶制非法的北方州，另一个是仍有许多奴隶的南方州。
废奴主义者(或希望废除奴隶制的人)长期以来一直要求亚伯拉罕·林肯将奴隶制定为非法。但他必须谨慎行事(或慢慢地、非常小心地)。他知道这个政治决定是很危险的。事实上，直到南北战争(或美国南北各州之间的战争)已经开始，他才发表了《解放奴隶宣言》。
《解放奴隶宣言》规定奴隶制在联邦(或北方各州)是非法的，但当时南部邦联(或南方各州)不再听美国总统的了。奴隶制在南方各州并没有成为非法，直到北方各州赢得内战，南方各州重新成为美国的一部分。一些南方州立即宣布奴隶制为非法，但另一些州则是逐渐地(或一点一点地)实行奴隶制。特拉华州和肯塔基州直到1865年才解放了他们的奴隶。
当《解放奴隶宣言》被大声宣读时，许多奴隶喜极而泣。他们为自己的自由感到高兴，并知道他们的孩子将获得自由。然而，他们要想开始得到与美国白人同等的待遇(或以同样的方式)，还需要许多年的时间。即使在今天，仍然存在对一些非洲裔美国人或黑人的歧视(或不公平待遇)。
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- What did Susan B. Anthony do?
Answer:
• Fought for women’s rights
• Fought for civil rights
Explanation:
Sometimes the United States makes special coins (or pieces of money made out of metal) that honor (or give special recognition or importance to) people in American history. Our one-dollar coin has a picture of Susan B. Anthony on it. Susan B. Anthony was famous because she fought for women’s rights, which would allow women to do the same things that men were allowed to do. Specifically, she fought for suffrage (or the right to vote) for women.
Susan B. Anthony was born in 1820. She was part of the temperance movement, which was a group of people who believed that people should drink very little or no alcohol. She wanted to change the laws about selling and using alcohol, but women were not allowed to vote at that time. This frustrated her, or made her feel angry because it was unfair. So she began to fight for women’s right to vote.
Susan often spoke to the public (or the people in a country) about why it was important for women to vote. She also wrote a weekly journal (or magazine) about it. In 1872, she voted in the presidential election even though it was illegal, and she was arrested (or forced to go to jail) for it.
Susan also fought for other civil rights (or things that all people should be allowed to do). She fought against slavery and for the rights of black people. She also fought for other women’s rights, like the right to own property, which included lands or buildings, and women’s right to be paid well for working outside the home.
Susan was successful in getting women the right to vote, but she never knew it. Susan died 14 years before women actually got the right to vote. This happened in 1920, when the 19th Amendment (or change in law) to the U.S. Constitution was made. Susan never got to see the results of her work, but most historians attribute the approval of the 19th Amendment to her work, meaning that they think her work was one of the important reasons why the 19th Amendment was approved.
- 苏珊·b·安东尼做了什么?
回答：
•为女权而战
•争取民权
解释:
有时美国制造特殊的硬币(或用金属制成的钱币)来纪念美国历史上的人物。我们的一元硬币上有苏珊·B·安东尼的照片。苏珊·B·安东尼(Susan B. Anthony)很有名，因为她为妇女争取权利，妇女可以做男人可以做的事情。具体来说，她为妇女争取投票权。
苏珊·B·安东尼出生于1820年。她是禁酒运动的成员，禁酒运动是一群人，他们认为人们应该少喝酒或不喝酒。她想要改变关于出售和使用酒精的法律，但是在那个时候妇女是不允许投票的。这让她很沮丧，或者让她感到愤怒，因为这是不公平的。于是她开始为争取妇女投票权而斗争。
苏珊经常向公众(或一个国家的人民)讲述为什么妇女投票很重要。她还为此写了一本周刊。1872年，她在总统选举中投票，尽管这是非法的，她因此被捕(或被迫入狱)。
苏珊还为其他民权(或所有人都应该被允许做的事情)而奋斗。她为反对奴隶制和为黑人的权利而战。她还为其他女性权利而奋斗，比如拥有包括土地或建筑物在内的财产的权利，以及女性在外工作获得高薪的权利。
苏珊成功地使妇女获得了选举权，但她从来不知道这一点。苏珊去世时，女性还没有真正获得投票权。这发生在1920年，当时美国宪法的第19条修正案(或法律变更)被制定出来。苏珊从未看到过她的工作成果，但大多数历史学家将第19条修正案的通过归因于她的工作，这意味着他们认为她的工作是第19条修正案获得批准的重要原因之一。
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- Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.
Answer:
• World War I
• World War II
• Korean War
• Vietnam War
• (Persian) Gulf War
Explanation:
World War I, which was fought from 1914 to 1918, was called the War to End All Wars. People thought that it was such a big war that no other wars would need to be fought. Obviously (or clearly), this was wrong.
In the 1900s, the United States fought in five wars. After World War I, the United States fought in World War II. The United States didn’t want to fight in that war, but when the Japanese bombed (or dropped weapons or things that would explode on) Pearl Harbor, the country decided that it was time to join the war against Japan, Germany, and Italy.
The next war that the United States fought in during the 1900s was the Korean War between 1950 and 1953. North Korea and South Korea were fighting against each other, mostly because North Korea had a communist government and South Korea did not. Soon the United States and the Soviet Union became involved as an extension (or an additional part) of their Cold War, which was the period of time from the 1940s to the 1990s when the United States and the Soviet Union had many political problems with each other.
After the Korean War, the United States fought in the Vietnam War from 1959 to 1975. As in the Korean War, the United States was trying to prevent Vietnam from having a communist government, or not let the country have a communist government. The war was very unpopular in the United States, meaning that many people didn’t want the United States to fight this war. Many U.S. soldiers (or the people who fought in the war) died. In the end, the United States lost and Vietnam became a communist country.
Finally, the last war fought by the United States in the 1900s was the Persian Gulf War, which is sometimes just called the Gulf War. This war was fought between Iraq and a coalition (or group that works together) of 34 countries, but the United States and the United Kingdom were the leaders. The United States’ reason for fighting in the war was to help the country of Kuwait, which had been invaded by Iraqi soldiers, which means that Iraqis had taken control of the country without the Kuwaitis’ permission. However, many Americans think that the Gulf War was really about getting enough oil for the United States and the other coalition countries to use.
- 问:举出一场美国在1900年代参与的战争。
回答：
•第一次世界大战
•第二次世界大战
•朝鲜战争
•越南战争
•(波斯)海湾战争
解释:
1914年至1918年的第一次世界大战被称为结束所有战争的战争。人们认为这是一场大战争，没有其他战争需要打。显然，这是错误的。
20世纪初，美国参加了五次战争。第一次世界大战后，美国参加了第二次世界大战。美国并不想参加那场战争，但当日本轰炸珍珠港(或投下武器或会在珍珠港爆炸的东西)时，美国决定是时候加入对日本、德国和意大利的战争了。
美国在20世纪参与的另一场战争是1950年至1953年的朝鲜战争。朝鲜和韩国互相争斗，主要是因为朝鲜有一个共产主义政府，而韩国没有。很快，美国和苏联作为冷战的延伸(或附加部分)卷入其中，冷战发生在20世纪40年代到90年代，当时美国和苏联之间存在许多政治问题。
朝鲜战争结束后，美国参加了1959年至1975年的越南战争。和朝鲜战争一样，美国试图阻止越南建立共产主义政府，或者不让越南建立共产主义政府。这场战争在美国非常不受欢迎，这意味着许多人不希望美国参加这场战争。许多美国士兵(或参加战争的人)死亡。最后，美国输了，越南变成了一个共产主义国家。
最后，美国在20世纪的最后一场战争是波斯湾战争，有时也被称为海湾战争。这场战争发生在伊拉克和一个由34个国家组成的联盟之间，但是美国和英国是战争的领导者。美国参战的原因是为了帮助被伊拉克士兵入侵的科威特，这意味着伊拉克人没有得到科威特人的许可就控制了这个国家。然而，许多美国人认为海湾战争实际上是为了获得足够的石油供美国和其他联盟国家使用。
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- Who was President during World War I?
Answer: (Woodrow) Wilson
Explanation:
When Woodrow Wilson became the 28th president of the United States in 1912, he had no idea (or absolutely did not know) that he would have to lead the country through the first global war, or a war that affected (or changed or influenced) the whole world. World War I began in 1914 and it affected the rest of his presidency (or the time when he was president).
At first, President Wilson wanted the United States to be as neutral as possible, not fighting on either side of the war. However, the Germans kept attacking (or fighting) with submarines, which are large boats that travel under the water, where they can’t be seen. This made President Wilson decide to enter the war.
He started the United States’ first real draft in 1917. The draft made young American men fight in the army whether they wanted to or not. To get money for the war, President Wilson helped the United States make billions of dollars by selling Liberty Bonds, which were pieces of paper that people bought from the government with the promise that the government would give them even more money on a certain day in the future. President Wilson also started the income tax, which makes Americans pay a percentage of all the money they receive for working to the U.S. government.
As World War I ended, President Wilson became heavily (or very much) involved in the peace talks, which are discussions that should lead to the end of a war so that all countries are satisfied. He led the negotiations (or discussions where people or countries agree on what they want) with Germany and helped to create the peace treaties (or agreements between countries).
In 1919, President Wilson received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in trying to start the League of Nations. The League of Nations was an international organization that was supposed to bring peace to the world and prevent other wars from being fought in the future.
- 第一次世界大战期间的总统是谁?
答:伍德罗·威尔逊
解释:
1912年，当伍德罗·威尔逊成为美国第28任总统时，他并不知道(或者说完全不知道)他必须领导美国经历第一次世界大战，或者是一场影响(或改变或影响)整个世界的战争。第一次世界大战始于1914年，它影响了他剩余的总统任期(或他担任总统的时间)。
一开始，威尔逊总统希望美国尽可能保持中立，不参与战争的任何一方。然而，德国人一直用潜水艇攻击(或战斗)，潜水艇是在水下航行的大型船只，人们看不到它们。这使得威尔逊总统决定参战。
1917年，他开始了美国的第一次征兵。征兵令年轻的美国人在军队里战斗，不管他们愿意与否。为了筹集战争的资金，威尔逊总统通过出售自由债券帮助美国赚取了数十亿美元。自由债券是人们从政府购买的纸片，政府承诺将在未来的某一天给他们更多的钱。威尔逊总统还开始征收个人所得税，让美国人把他们为政府工作所获得的收入的一部分交给政府。
第一次世界大战结束后，威尔逊总统积极地(或非常积极地)参与了和平谈判。和平谈判的目的是结束战争，使所有国家都感到满意。他领导了与德国的谈判(或人们或国家就他们想要什么达成一致的讨论)，并帮助创建了和平条约(或国家之间的协议)。
1919年，威尔逊总统因努力建立国际联盟而获得诺贝尔和平奖。国际联盟是一个国际组织，旨在为世界带来和平，防止未来发生其他战争。
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- Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II?
Answer:
(Franklin) Roosevelt
Explanation:
When Franklin D. Roosevelt became president of the United States, he said, “the only thing we have to fear (or be afraid of) is fear itself." This phrase became very well known and gave inspiration (or hope) to millions of Americans who were living in very difficult times. Roosevelt became president in 1933 during the Great Depression, which was a period of time when the U.S. economy was doing very poorly.
President Roosevelt did many things to help Americans during the Great Depression. He had a plan called the New Deal that helped the unemployed (or people who couldn’t find jobs), made the banking system better, and helped to strengthen the economy.
Then, just when the Great Depression was ending and the U.S. economy was getting better, World War II began and President Roosevelt had many new challenges (or things that are difficult to do). He started rationing, letting people have only small amounts of things that were also needed by the army. He also worked to expand (or make bigger) the manufacturing industry (or the part of the economy that makes things) in the United States. He approved the law that created a minimum wage, which is the smallest amount of money that a person can be paid for each hour of work.
President Roosevelt served (or worked as president) for 12 years, from 1933 to 1945. He was the only U.S. President who has served more than two terms (or two four-year periods). After his presidency, the 22nd Amendment (or change to the law) to the U.S. Constitution was made, so that no president could serve more than two terms.
He was a very strong president, yet his body was weak (or not strong). President Roosevelt was almost paralyzed (or unable to move) in the lower part of his body. He used a wheelchair, which is a special chair on wheels, but he almost never let people see him using it.
- 在大萧条和第二次世界大战期间，谁是总统?
回答：富兰克林·罗斯福
解释:
富兰克林·D·罗斯福成为美国总统，他说:“我们唯一要害怕的(或害怕的)就是害怕本身。”这句话变得家喻户晓，给了数百万生活在艰难时期的美国人以鼓舞(或希望)。1933年的大萧条期间，罗斯福成为美国总统，当时美国经济状况非常糟糕。
罗斯福总统在大萧条时期做了很多事情来帮助美国人。他提出了一项名为“新政”的计划，帮助失业者(或找不到工作的人)，改善银行系统，帮助加强经济。
然后，就在大萧条即将结束，美国经济开始好转的时候，第二次世界大战开始了，罗斯福总统面临许多新的挑战(或困难的事情)。他开始实行定量配给，让人们只拥有少量军队需要的物资。他还致力于扩大美国的制造业(或制造业经济的一部分)。他批准了设立最低工资的法律，最低工资是指一个人每小时的最低工资。
罗斯福总统从1933年到1945年担任了12年的总统。他是唯一一位任期超过两届(或两届四年任期)的美国总统。在他的总统任期结束后，美国宪法第22修正案(或法律变更)被制定出来，因此没有一位总统的任期超过两届。
他是一个非常强壮的总统，但他的身体很虚弱(或者不强壮)。罗斯福总统的下半身几乎瘫痪(或无法动弹)。他使用轮椅，这是一种特殊的带轮子的椅子，但他几乎从不让人们看到他使用它。
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