植物名称合并与恢复的依据是物种实体。如果两个合格发表的名称在客观上为同一物种,没有优先权的名称将被合并。合并的名称在后来的研究中被证明与被合并的名称在客观上可以认定是不同种时,对已合并的名称进行恢复。
合并一个合格发表的名称,建议完整和直接地引用该名称的合格发表作者和出处,包括页码、插图和日期。并标注syn. nov.。(新异名类似新等级)
Case 1. Proposing new synonyms (Raskoti, 2017).
Case 2. Two names reduced to synonyms, but no complete infomation was given (Chen, 2013).
恢复一个已被合并的名称,应当在正文中给出该名称得以成立的证据,并建议完整和直接地引用该名称合格发表的作者和出处,包括页码、插图和日期。基原异名不是必须的。
Case 3. Castanopsis formosana was resurrected from C. jucunda, Chen (2013) gave the basionym and the concrete infomation, but no complete content was given of this resurrected name.
一点困惑。对于文献中提及已被合并的物种,是否应该算作该物种被该文献作者重新恢复?《国际藻类、真菌和植物命名法规》没有规定物种合并与恢复的细则,因此上文内容没有约束性,仅仅是建议。不乏因某个名录包含或不包含某个物种导致物种被恢复的情况,但往往没有因某个名录不包括某个物种就认定该物种被合并。前者往往是某些权威名录发布的后果,例如《The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity》(Govaerts, 2021),后者则可解释为名录的疏漏。一些权威名录尚且会因考证不周产生不适合的物种合并或恢复,一般的书籍或期刊发布的名录之可信度又如何呢?笔者认为,不可轻信权威名录与各类名录,因为无法证明这些名录是作者考证之后的结论还是未能全盘考证之前的纰漏。应以当前学术圈的最新成果为依据,而最新成果的合并与恢复处理必然都是有证据的。否则,这类名录不可甚数,不以法规与证据为根据,如何能相信它呢?
Case 4-1. Castanopsis qiongbeiensis was treated as a synonym of C. chinensis (Chen, 2013)
Case 4-2. However, this species is still accepted due to NCBI follows an authority (Govaerts, 2021)
Case 5-1. Castanopsis oerstedii was treated as a synonym of C. kawakamii in "Flora of China (Chinese version) in 1998" and the authorities supported the treatment, that's why we got the result in IPNI
Case 5-2. However, the literature (Nguyen, 2003) still included the species as a formal species with others without any reason, therefor I think it could been regarded as negligence
通常,合并一个物种的时候,作者处理会比较谨慎,因为这使得某个地区的物种数量减少。但当恢复(或仅仅是罗列)一个物种时,会比较粗糙,这使得某个地区的物种数量增加。就研究者而言,物种合并对研究比较友善,无论是重新考证还是进行下游研究;不合适的物种恢复会增加下游研究的难度,不存在的客观实体很难被证明不存在。因此物种合并的宽容度较大,物种恢复必须要求严谨的证明。
参考文献:
Chen L, Li X W, Li J Q. Taxonomic notes on Castanopsis (Fagaceae, Castaneoideae) from China[J]. Phytotaxa, 2013, 146(2): 50-60.
Govaerts R, Nic Lughadha E, Black N, et al. The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity[J]. Scientific data, 2021, 8(1): 215.
Nguyen T B. Fagaceae [M]// Nguyen T B. Checklist of Plant Species of Vietnam, Volume 2. Hanoi: Agricultural Publishing House, 2003: 227–271.
Raskoti B B, Schuiteman A, Jin W T, et al. A taxonomic revision of Herminium L.(Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae)[J]. PhytoKeys, 2017 (79): 1.










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