49. Page Object模式 - 1基于test_baid

project > test_po > conftest.py
project > test_po > test_baidu.py

# project > test_po > conftest.py
import allure
import pytest
from selenium import webdriver

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def driver():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.maximize_window()
    print("打开浏览器")
    yield driver
    print("关闭浏览器")
    driver.close()
    driver.quit()

@pytest.fixture()
def fixture():
    print("我是前置步骤")
    yield "XXX"
    print("我是后置步骤")

# baidu网页，登录与未登录，两种场景各不相同。
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class TestBaidu:
    def test_baidu1(self, driver):
        #未登录测试
        driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
        title = driver.title
        url = driver.current_url
        text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'a[href="http://news.baidu.com"]').text
        button_text = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').accessible_name
        assert title == "百度一下，你就知道"
        assert url == "https://www.baidu.com/"
        assert text == "新闻"
        assert button_text == "百度一下"

    def test_baidu2(self, driver):
        # 登录测试
        driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
        title = driver.title
        url = driver.current_url
        text = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'a[href="http://news.baidu.com"]').text
        button_text = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'su').accessible_name
        assert title == "百度一下，你就知道"
        assert url == "https://www.baidu.com/"
        assert text == "新闻"
        assert button_text == "百度一下"

CSS的五种定位方式 (baidu.com)
selenium 用By定位元素 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

image.png
image.png

上面案例，如果访问网页发生变化，则后续所有case都会fail，如何维护？

# Page Object解决什么问题
可以解决元素定位改变带来的维护成本的增加
元素定位与用例分离
代码冗余

是不是可以把网页提取为一个公用的东西？如果定位链接发生改变，只需要在一个地方更改即可
news = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'a[href="http://news.baidu.com"]')
button = (By.ID, 'su') 
这两句放到类下面的公共部分，让类里面的每个函数去调用。调用的使用用  类.方法
如 TestBaidu.su
为了避免数据类型等不明报错，在类名前面需要加*， * 执行元组解包的动作，则可执行通过

a=(1,2)
print(a)
> (1, 2)
print(*a)
> 1 2

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class TestBaidu:
    news = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'a[href="http://news.baidu.com"]')
    button = (By.ID, 'su')
    def test_baidu1(self, driver):
        #未登录测试
        driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
        title = driver.title
        url = driver.current_url
        text = driver.find_element(*TestBaidu.news).text
        button_text = driver.find_element(*TestBaidu.button).accessible_name
        assert title == "百度一下，你就知道"
        assert url == "https://www.baidu.com/"
        assert text == "新闻"
        assert button_text == "百度一下"

    def test_baidu2(self, driver):
        # 登录测试
        driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
        title = driver.title
        url = driver.current_url
        text = driver.find_element(*TestBaidu.news).text
        button_text = driver.find_element(*TestBaidu.button).accessible_name
        assert title == "百度一下，你就知道"
        assert url == "https://www.baidu.com/"
        assert text == "新闻"
        assert button_text == "百度一下"