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2019-06-17 如何像DNA测序一样测序蛋白质?

2019-06-17 如何像DNA测序一样测序蛋白质?

作者: 老_Z | 来源:发表于2019-06-17 16:59 被阅读0次

标题党,这个是总目标。

蛋白质高通量鉴定,目前主要就是通过质谱,依靠已知的蛋白库,坑蒙拐骗猜,猜对了是运气,猜错了是原理问题,运气运气。
一直很头疼这个问题,如果可以让蛋白质检测和核酸测序一样,ATGC直接读出来,那多么爽。
一直在考虑这个问题,

前几天突然有想法,结合DNA三代测序的原理,设计了一个蛋白质高通量测序的基本框架。
涉及到的技术主要有:

  1. 纳米孔
  2. 如何固定蛋白
  3. 利用Edman降解让每个蛋白质分子的氨基酸,在每一轮脱落一个,进入相应固定位置的纳米孔
  4. 对每个纳米孔降解下来的单个氨基酸进行检测
  5. 涉及到每个纳米孔的后续的一系列检测,包括如何鉴定到每个氨基酸,如何分辨氨基酸,电极、pH等
  6. 还有各种可能是微流控方面的技术,针对不同氨基酸特征进行不同的检测
  7. 收集各种信号,整合起来。
    如果实现这一套步骤,蛋白质鉴定可以说,走向和测序一样的道路,不用质谱了,只要通量继续发展,达到饱和,定量、序列,要啥有啥。不过后续很复杂的样子,。

查了下相关方面的最新进展,相当一部分步骤已经可以实现了,如下:

2018年新进展

Edman降解,以及固定蛋白、部分氨基酸检测,类似2代测序方法,我想用类似3代测序检测方案

Highly parallel single-molecule identification of proteins in zeptomole-scale mixtures

https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.4278

图1
Jagannath Swaminathan, et al. Highly parallel single-molecule identification of proteins in zeptomole-scale mixtures. Nature Biotechnology. Oct 2018.
图2

该文章利用一种称为单分子荧光测序的新方法,对单个样本中( zeptomole-scale,10^-21摩尔)的蛋白分子进行测序。他们

  1. 对多肽样本中的半胱氨酸(C)和赖氨酸残基(K)进行选择性的荧光标记
  2. 然后将其固定在玻璃表面,通过edman酶解的方式从N端一个一个解离氨基酸,
  3. 并通过光学方法(类似二代测序拍照检测方法)方法来监测Edman降解后每个分子(孔位)的荧光减少量。
  4. 之后,他们将获得的荧光序列在参考蛋白质数据库中来比对,得到匹配的蛋白质信息。

ref:生物通中文报道 Nature子刊:一种灵敏的蛋白质测序方法
http://www.ebiotrade.com/newsf/2018-10/20181023152625830.htm

评论

Proteomics goes parallel

Single-molecule method identifies proteins in mixtures

纳米孔 方法探索 蛋白质方向

Single-molecule protein identification by sub-nanopore sensors
https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005356

Single-molecule peptide fingerprinting
https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3338

优势是利用了纳米孔技术,同时也是利用2种标记的氨基酸,但是是利用纳米孔技术探测标记的氨基酸的电位,也是利用算法推测蛋白质。
理论上,这个方法继续发展,对各个氨基酸分别标定,或者说尽可能多的分别标记氨基酸,产生不同的信号,就可以完全解决我们的问题了。因为这个还不用edman,不用固定,只要蛋白质分子固定的通过ClpXP protein complex就可以完成检测了。和三代一样。

提出问题:To obtain ordered determination of fluorescently labeled amino acids, we needed a molecular probe that can scan a peptide in a processive manner. We adopted a naturally existing molecular machinery, the AAA+ protease ClpXP from Escherichia coli. The ClpXP protein complex is an enzymatic motor that unfolds and degrades protein substrates. ClpX monomers form a homohexameric ring (ClpX6) that can exercise a large mechanical force to unfold proteins using ATP hydrolysis (11, 12). Through iterative rounds of force-generating power strokes, ClpX6 translocates substrates through the center of its ring in a processive manner (13, 14), with extensive promiscuity toward unnatural substrate modifications, including fluorescent labels (1517). Protein substrates are recognized by ClpX6 when they display specific disordered sequences, such as the 11-aa C-terminal ssrA tag (18). ClpX6 targets substrates for degradation by feeding them into ClpP14, a homotetradecameric protease that contains 14 cleavage sites and self-assembles into a barrel-shaped complex that encloses a central chamber (19).

结论:Our method has the potential to scan full-length proteins from end to end without the need for fragmentation. Sequencing substrates are processed at a constant speed, allowing for accurate protein identification (10). In this proof-of-concept study, we show our capability to detect low-frequency subpopulations of differentially labeled substrates, as well as our capacity to detect distinct acceptor fluorophores on a single substrate in a sequential manner. The platform we present here has the capability to transform proteomics from a basic research tool into an invaluable asset to clinical diagnostics.

image.png

附综述,纳米孔技术检测蛋白质
Protein Detection Through Single Molecule Nanopore
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187220401861093X

Paving the way to single-molecule protein sequencing
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-018-0236-6

检测氨基酸,利用不同的电位

Identification of single amino acid differences in uniformly charged homopolymeric peptides with aerolysin nanopore
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03418-2

Detecting Electron Transport of Amino Acids by Using Conductance Measurement
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/87d5/680bb86b0a8394236f3c2475f6537f6454e6.pdf
如果可以利用电位,或者氨基酸标记不同东西产生不同电位,就完美了

Massively parallel sequencing of peptides could signal a new era of high-throughput proteomics.
If this technology gets developed, this can really revolutionize proteomics, just like Next Generation Sequencing has revolutionized genomics and transcriptomics.

与现有技术相比,该类方法具有更高的通量和灵敏度,因此可以更好地检测疾病的生物标志物,还可能提供一种全新的方式研究各种蛋白质问题。但是20种氨基酸如何才能更好的区分出来,依旧是无法逾越的障碍。
如何才能分别标记20种氨基酸,或者如何通过多种检测手段区分20种氨基酸,是未来的必经之路!

The era of Proteomics is Coming!

期待有识之士一起来想办法!欢迎跟帖讨论

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