英语语法整理笔记 第八期

被动的专题

To be or not to be. That is a question.

思之过甚，则毁赤子之勇;

虑之过多，则失勇者之心。

They speak English in China.✘

English is spoken in China.

1.动作发出者不明确

A taxi driver found your wallet.

Your wallet has been found(by a taxi driver)

2.强调动作受体

I think——It is believed/widely-believed that

It is universally acknowledged that…

中文 通过主语衔接的句子逻辑性强

Although the doctor ordered not to smoke, the patient found it impossible to quit teh vice.✘

Although the patient was ordered by the doctor not to smoke, he found it impossible to quit the vice.(主语衔接——连贯性:从句主语一致)

Bill clinton had been lying outrageously to the American public. However, he was forced to tell the truth by K.Starr.

主语衔接符合逻辑

When we read, we first form first impression and then those impression are evaluated as we read on.✘动作发出者不明确

When we read, we first form first impression and then evaluate those impression as we read on.✔

英语语法整理笔记 第八期 英语语法整理笔记 第八期

一般现在时

1.表示客观真理

2.人或事物所处状态和习惯性重复发生的动作

英语语法整理笔记 第八期

一般现在时在时间，条件状语从句中代替将来时(主将从现)

If you shed tears when you miss the sun, you will also miss the stars. (Tagore)

表“出发，到达，开始”的动词可用一般现在时代替将来时，表示即将发生的非个人计划的事 go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin

The train leaves at 6:30.

现在进行时

表示现在(此时此刻)正进行或现阶段正在进行的动作

瞬时动词和进行时连用表将来come, go, leave, return, arrive, begin, start

一般:强调过去现在将来都如此的一贯性

进行: 强调动作暂时性(目前如此)

英语语法整理笔记 第八期

一般过去时

表示过去时间所发生的动作或所处的状态

The greatest artist was once a beginner.

一般过去时强调和现在的不同

She was such a nice girl.(1.现在不nice了 2.人死了)

I thought we had a chance.(现在没机会了)

过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作

在由when, while, as引导的时间状从中，动作时间长的用过去进行时，动作时间短的用过去时

英语语法整理笔记 第八期

灯熄灭的时候我们正在吃晚餐。

We were having super(时间长) when the light went out.(短)

She was reading the book(时间长) when I entered the room.(时间短)

一般将来时

表示将来某一时刻或时间段发生的动作

be to do 事先计划安排的将来

be about to 眼皮底下马上就要发生的事

We are to discuss this report next Saturday.

Look! The train is about to leave!

过去将来时

立足过去，展望未来

He said that he would do us a favor.

过去完成时

发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情(过去的过去)

1.必须有一个过去的时间或动作来做参考，说明在此之前某事已经发生

英语语法整理笔记 第八期

2.want/hope/expect/suppose/think用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，打算或希望

我本来想坐5:30那趟火车的。

I had expected to take the train at 5:30.

3.no sooner…than…(一…就…)连词

hardly…when…

我刚到家(先)，电话就响起了(后)

No soon had I reached home than the telephone rang.

现在完成时的已完成和未完成含义

Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture.

Alex lived in Changsha for three years.

Alex has lived in Changsha for three years.

已完成:动作在过去完成，并对现在产生影响，影响一直持续到现在

未完成:过去动作一直持续到现在，现在仍然在进行并还可以能持续下去

自从我1999年搬到这里，我们彼此认识已经7年了。

We have known each other for 7 years since I moved here in 1998.

现在完成进行时

过去动作一直持续到现在，现在仍然在进行并还可能延续下去

与现完(未完成)的区别

现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性

How long have you learned English?

How long have you been learning English?

英语语法整理笔记 第八期