如何显示定义一个Mapping

PUT movies
{
    "mappings": {
        //define your mappings here
    }
}

自定义Mapping的一些建议

可以参考API手册,纯手写
为了减少输入的工作量,减少出错概率,可以依照以下步骤
- 创建一个临时的index,写入一些样本数据
- 通过访问Mapping API获得该临时文件的动态Mapping定义
- 修改后用该配置创建你的索引
- 删除临时索引

控制当前字段是否被索引

Index - 控制当前字段是否被索引. 默认为true. 如果设置成false,该字段不可被索引

PUT users
{
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "firstName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "lastName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "mobile" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "index": false
        }
      }
    }
}

Index Option

四种不同级别的Index Option配置,可以控制倒排索引记录的内容
- docs - 记录doc id
- freqs - 记录doc id 和 term frequencies
- positions - 记录doc id / term frequencies / term position
- offsets - doc id / term frequencies / term position/ character offects
Text类型默认记录positions,其他默认为docs
记录内容越多,占用存储空间越大

null_value

GET users/_search?q=mobile:NULL

PUT users
{
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "firstName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "lastName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "mobile" : {
          "type" : "keyword",
          "null_value": "NULL"
        }

      }
    }
}

需要对Null值实现搜索
只有Keyword类型支持设定Null_value

copy_to设置

PUT users
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "firstName":{
        "type": "text",
        "copy_to": "fullName"
      },
      "lastName":{
        "type": "text",
        "copy_to": "fullName"
      }
    }
  }
}

GET users/_search?q=fullName:(Ruan Yiming)

_all在7中被copy_to所替代
满足一些特定的搜索需求
copy_to将字段的数值拷贝到目标字段,实现类似_all的作用
copy_to的目标字段不出现在_source中

数组类型

ElasticSearch中不提供专门的数组类型.但是任何字段,都可以包含多个相同类型的数值

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"onebird",
  "interests":"reading"
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"twobirds",
  "interests":["reading","music"]
}

课程Demos

#设置 index 为 false
DELETE users
PUT users
{
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "firstName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "lastName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "mobile" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "index": false
        }
      }
    }
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Ruan",
  "lastName": "Yiming",
  "mobile": "12345678"
}

POST /users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "mobile":"12345678"
    }
  }
}




#设定Null_value

DELETE users
PUT users
{
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "firstName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "lastName" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "mobile" : {
          "type" : "keyword",
          "null_value": "NULL"
        }

      }
    }
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Ruan",
  "lastName": "Yiming",
  "mobile": null
}


PUT users/_doc/2
{
  "firstName":"Ruan2",
  "lastName": "Yiming2"

}

GET users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "mobile":"NULL"
    }
  }

}



#设置 Copy to
DELETE users
PUT users
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "firstName":{
        "type": "text",
        "copy_to": "fullName"
      },
      "lastName":{
        "type": "text",
        "copy_to": "fullName"
      }
    }
  }
}
PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "firstName":"Ruan",
  "lastName": "Yiming"
}

GET users/_search?q=fullName:(Ruan Yiming)

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
       "fullName":{
        "query": "Ruan Yiming",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}


#数组类型
PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"onebird",
  "interests":"reading"
}

PUT users/_doc/1
{
  "name":"twobirds",
  "interests":["reading","music"]
}

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}

GET users/_mapping