美文网首页
手敲数据结构——链表

手敲数据结构——链表

作者: 一个大西瓜CPI | 来源:发表于2018-07-12 15:40 被阅读4次

链表的特点

  • 数据存储在节点(Node)中
  • 优点:真正的动态,不需要处理固定容量的问题
  • 缺点:丧失了随机访问的能力

数组和链表的对比

  • 数组最大的优点:支持快速查询
  • 链表最大的优点:动态

实现

public class LinkedList<E> {

    private class Node {
        public E e;
        public Node next;

        public Node(E e, Node next) {
            this.e = e;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public Node(E e) {
            this(e, null);
        }

        public Node() {
            this(null, null);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return e.toString();
        }
    }

    //使用虚拟头节点 使代码更优雅
    private Node dummyHead;
    int size;

    public LinkedList() {
        dummyHead = new Node();
        size = 0;
    }

    //获取链表中的元素个数
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    //返回链表是否为空
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

    //在链表指定索引添加新的元素e
    public void add(int index, E e) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Add fail,Illegal index");

        Node pre = dummyHead;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            pre = pre.next;
        }
        pre.next = new Node(e, pre.next);
        //等价于
        //Node node = new Node(e);
        //node.next = pre.next;
        //pre.next = node;
        size++;
    }

    //在链表头添加新的元素e
    public void addFirst(E e) {
        add(0, e);
    }

    //在链表尾部添加新的元素e
    public void addLast(E e) {
        add(size, e);
    }

    //获取链表的第index个位置的元素
    public E get(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Add fail,Illegal index");
        Node cur = dummyHead.next;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        return cur.e;
    }

    //获取链表的第一个元素
    public E getFirst() {
        return get(0);
    }

    //获取链表的最后一个元素
    public E getLast() {
        return get(size - 1);
    }

    //修改链表的第index个位置的元素为e
    public void set(int index, E e) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Add fail,Illegal index");

        Node cur = dummyHead.next;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        cur.e = e;
    }

    //查找链表中是否有元素e
    public boolean contains(E e) {
        Node cur = dummyHead.next;
        while (cur != null) {
            if (cur.e.equals(e))
                return true;
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        return false;
    }

    //从链表中删除index位置的元素,放回删除的元素
    public E remome(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index > size) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Add fail,Illegal index");
        Node pre = dummyHead;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
            pre = pre.next;
        }
        Node delNode = pre.next;
        pre.next = delNode.next;
        delNode.next = null;
        size--;
        return delNode.e;
    }

    //从链表中删除第一个元素
    public E remomeFirst() {
        return remome(0);
    }

    //从链表中删除最后个元素
    public E remomeLast() {
        return remome(size - 1);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        Node cur = dummyHead.next;
        while (cur != null) {
            sb.append(cur).append("-->");
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        sb.append("NULL");
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

测试结果

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        LinkedList<Integer> linkedList = new LinkedList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            linkedList.addFirst(i);
            System.out.println(linkedList.toString());
        }
        linkedList.add(2, 8);
        System.out.println(linkedList.toString());

        linkedList.remome(2);
        System.out.println(linkedList.toString());

        linkedList.remomeFirst();
        System.out.println(linkedList.toString());

        linkedList.remomeLast();
        System.out.println(linkedList.toString());
    }
    
//0-->NULL
//1-->0-->NULL
//2-->1-->0-->NULL
//3-->2-->1-->0-->NULL
//4-->3-->2-->1-->0-->NULL
//4-->3-->8-->2-->1-->0-->NULL
//4-->3-->2-->1-->0-->NULL
//3-->2-->1-->0-->NULL
//3-->2-->1-->NULL
    

链表的时间复杂度分析

操作 时间复杂度
addFirst(E e) O(1)
addLast(E e) O(n)
add(int index, E e) O(n/2) = O(n)
remomeFirst() O(1)
remomeLast() O(n)
remome(int index) O(n/2) = O(n)
contains(E e) O(n)

使用链表实现栈

public interface Stack<E> {

    int getSize();
    boolean isEmpty();
    void push(E e);
    E pop();
    //栈顶元素
    E peek();

}


public class LinkedListStack<E> implements Stack<E> {

    private LinkedList<E> list;

    public LinkedListStack() {
        list = new LinkedList<>();
    }

    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        return list.getSize();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return list.isEmpty();
    }

    @Override
    public void push(E e) {
        list.addFirst(e);
    }

    @Override
    public E pop() {
        return list.remomeFirst();
    }

    @Override
    public E peek() {
        return list.getFirst();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("Stack: top  ");
        sb.append(list);
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

测试结果

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        LinkedListStack<Integer> stack = new LinkedListStack<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            stack.push(i);
            System.out.println(stack);
        }
        stack.pop();
        System.out.println(stack);
    }

Stack: top  0-->NULL
Stack: top  1-->0-->NULL
Stack: top  2-->1-->0-->NULL
Stack: top  3-->2-->1-->0-->NULL
Stack: top  4-->3-->2-->1-->0-->NULL
Stack: top  3-->2-->1-->0-->NULL

使用链表实现队列

之前实现的链表,表首添加元素的时间复杂度为O(1),删除元素的时间复杂度为O(n)
对链表进行优化,使删除的时间复杂度为O(1)

public interface Queue<E> {

    int getSize();

    boolean isEmpty();

    void enqueue(E e);

    E dequeue();

    E getFront();
}

public class LinkedListQueue<E> implements Queue<E> {

    private class Node {
        public E e;
        public Node next;

        public Node(E e, Node next) {
            this.e = e;
            this.next = next;
        }

        public Node(E e) {
            this(e, null);
        }

        public Node() {
            this(null, null);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return e.toString();
        }
    }

    private Node head, tail;
    private int size;

    public LinkedListQueue() {
        head = null;
        tail = null;
        size = 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void enqueue(E e) {
        //tail为空的时候意味着head也为空 队列没有元素
        if (tail == null) {
            tail = new Node(e);
            head = tail;
        } else {
            tail.next = new Node(e);
            tail = tail.next;
        }
        size++;
    }

    @Override
    public E dequeue() {
        if (isEmpty()) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot dequeue from a empty queue");
        //拿到head节点  将head节点指向下一个元素 将返回的节点的next指空
        Node retNode = head;
        head = head.next;
        retNode.next = null;
        //如果head节点为空 说明队列为空 head和tail都为空
        if (head == null)
            tail = null;
        size--;
        return retNode.e;
    }

    @Override
    public E getFront() {
        if (isEmpty()) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Queue is empty");
        return head.e;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("Queue: front ");
        Node cur = head;
        while (cur != null) {
            sb.append(cur + "-->");
            cur = cur.next;
        }
        sb.append("NULL tail");
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

测试结果

   public static void main(String[] args) {
        LinkedListQueue<Integer> queue = new LinkedListQueue();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            queue.enqueue(i);
            System.out.println(queue);

            if (i % 3 == 2) {
                queue.dequeue();
                System.out.println(queue);
            }
        }
    }

Queue: front 0-->NULL tail
Queue: front 0-->1-->NULL tail
Queue: front 0-->1-->2-->NULL tail
Queue: front 1-->2-->NULL tail
Queue: front 1-->2-->3-->NULL tail
Queue: front 1-->2-->3-->4-->NULL tail
Queue: front 1-->2-->3-->4-->5-->NULL tail
Queue: front 2-->3-->4-->5-->NULL tail
Queue: front 2-->3-->4-->5-->6-->NULL tail
Queue: front 2-->3-->4-->5-->6-->7-->NULL tail
Queue: front 2-->3-->4-->5-->6-->7-->8-->NULL tail
Queue: front 3-->4-->5-->6-->7-->8-->NULL tail
Queue: front 3-->4-->5-->6-->7-->8-->9-->NULL tail

相关文章

网友评论

      本文标题:手敲数据结构——链表

      本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/mnvlpftx.html