发送get请求

# coding:utf-8
import requests 

url = "https://www.baidu.com" 

#定制请求头
headers = {
    "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36"
}

#使用params关键字传递参数
params = {"key": "value"}
#使用params关键字传递多个参数
#params = {"key": ["value1","value2"]}

#发送get请求
r = requests.get(url=url,params=params,headers=headers)

#python用requests发送https的请求时，有安全验证，将验证设置为verify=False 即可
#r = requests.get(url=url,params=params,headers=headers,verify=False)

#打印响应状态码 
print(r.status_code) 
#打印响应头
print(r.headers) 
#字符串方式的响应体，会自动根据响应头部的字符编码进行解码 
print(r.text)
#打印json响应内容
print(r.json)
#字节方式的响应体，会自动为你解码 gzip 和 deflate 压缩 
print(r.content) 
#以字典对象存储服务器响应头，但是这个字典比较特殊，字典键不区分大小写，若键不存在则返回None 
print(r.headers) 
# 获取url 
print(r.url)
#编码格式 
print(r.encoding) 
#获取cookie 
print(r.cookies) 

发送post请求

# coding:utf-8
import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com" 

data = {"key": "value"}

#定制请求头
headers = {
    "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36"
}

#发送post请求
r = requests.post(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)

上传文件

# coding:utf-8
import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com" 

files = {"file":open("上传文件.xls","rb")}

#定制请求头
headers = {
    "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36"
}

#上传文件
r = requests.post(url=url,files=files,headers=headers)

携带cookie发送请求

# coding:utf-8
import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com" 

data = {"key": "value"}

#定制请求头
headers = {
    "cookie": "DJ_RF=empty; DJ_EU=http%3A%2F%2Fso.dajie.com%2Fjob%2Fsearch%3Fkeyword%3Dpython%26jobsearch%3D8; DJ_UVID=MTQ5MjU2OTgxOTU1ODg0Mzk1; __login_tips=1; dj_cap=1e41c3c0ca9602c45e6481cb53c19774; SO_COOKIE_V2=6a297gxq5vDDnl9D4q04fhTgrWB11xG9lMj7iLcnP1uM/Zuzzx1dkeHauV4blsO1KsRYQKEQDrDGdiAhRE9efdI8PnREZK1MhzR4",
    "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36"
}

#发送post请求
r = requests.post(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)

使用session发送请求

# coding:utf-8
import requests

#创建会话
s = requests.session()

url = "https://www.baidu.com" 

data = {"key": "value"}

#定制请求头
headers = {
    "user-agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.181 Safari/537.36"
}

#发送post请求
r = s.post(url=url,data=data,headers=headers)