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Abstract Factory Pattern in Java

Abstract Factory Pattern in Java

作者: Lance_Xu | 来源:发表于2019-04-25 15:33 被阅读0次

引言

抽象工厂模式是基于工厂模式之上的另一种创造性的设计模式,是工厂模式的一种抽象;基于工厂模式的案例抽象出抽象工厂模式。

抽象工厂模式设计全球化汽车工厂

在工厂模式中我们将不同类型的汽车使用工厂流水线来生产,隐藏其复杂的生产逻辑(构建过程);假如我们生产的汽车是面向全球地区的,那么应该如何让我们的生产面向全球化。

为了支持全球化运营,我们需要增强我们应用程序,以便生产出支持不同国家地区风格的汽车,比如我们国家汽车的驾驶室在前排左侧,而美国等欧洲国家驾驶室在前排的右侧,我们必须支持这种差异化生产。

为了描述抽象工厂模式,我们将考虑3种产品 - 美国,亚洲和默认(所有其他国家),支持多个位置需要进行关键的设计更改。

为了支持这种多样化的生产细节,我们需要增加工厂流水线,即USACarFactory,AsiaCarFactory和DefaultCarFactory。在新增3条流水线之后,我们的工厂便足以能够面向多样化生产,而使用者只需要通过抽象工厂类来制造自己想要的汽车,不要关注其中的细节。

抽象工厂是基于工厂类的基础上的再一层抽象,我们需要将工厂类根据不同类型进行改造,然后在抽象工厂中对新流水线进行再次抽象。

抽象工厂的解决方案

抽象工厂封装类图:

image.png

使用CarFactory隐藏位置工厂的生产细节。

抽象工厂实现

为汽车新增Location属性:

package com.iblog.pattern.factory;

public enum Location {
    DEFAULT, USA, ASIA
}

抽象工厂类实现:

package com.iblog.pattern.factory;

public abstract class Car {
    private CarType model;
    private Location location;

    public Car(CarType model, Location location) {
        this.model = model;
        this.location = location;
    }

    private void arrangeParts() {
        // Do one time processing here
    }

    // Do subclass level processing in this method
    protected abstract void construct();

    public CarType getModel() {
        return model;
    }

    public void setModel(CarType model) {
        this.model = model;
    }
}

将Location属性增加至各种汽车模型中(LuxuryCar):

package com.iblog.pattern.factory;

public class LuxuryCar extends Car {

    LuxuryCar(Location location) {
        super(CarType.LUXURY, location);
        construct();
    }

    @Override
    protected void construct() {
        System.out.println("Building luxury car");
        // add accessories
    }
}

将之前的工厂实现根据Location属性进行抽象:

package com.iblog.pattern.factory;

public class USACarFactory {
    public static Car buildCar(CarType model) {
        Car car = null;
        switch (model) {
            case SMALL:
                car = new SmallCar(Location.USA);
                break;

            case SEDAN:
                car = new SedanCar(Location.USA);
                break;

            case LUXURY:
                car = new LuxuryCar(Location.USA);
                break;

            default:
                //throw some exception
                break;
        }
        return car;
    }
}
package com.iblog.pattern.factory;

public class AsiaCarFactory {
    public static Car buildCar(CarType model) {
        Car car = null;
        switch (model) {
            case SMALL:
                car = new SmallCar(Location.ASIA);
                break;

            case SEDAN:
                car = new SedanCar(Location.ASIA);
                break;

            case LUXURY:
                car = new LuxuryCar(Location.ASIA);
                break;

            default:
                //throw some exception
                break;
        }
        return car;
    }
}
package com.iblog.pattern.factory;

public class DefaultCarFactory {
    public static Car buildCar(CarType model) {
        Car car = null;
        switch (model) {
            case SMALL:
                car = new SmallCar(Location.DEFAULT);
                break;

            case SEDAN:
                car = new SedanCar(Location.DEFAULT);
                break;

            case LUXURY:
                car = new LuxuryCar(Location.DEFAULT);
                break;

            default:
                //throw some exception
                break;
        }
        return car;
    }
}

然后我们在3个Location工厂之上抽象出来一个新的抽象工厂类,我们通过不同Location工厂类来生产汽车:

package com.iblog.pattern.factory;

public class CarFactory {
    private CarFactory() {
        //Prevent instantiation
    }

    public static Car buildCar(CarType model) {
        Car car = null;
        //Read location property somewhere from configuration, also as a param.
        Location location = Location.USA;

        //Use location specific car factory
        switch (location) {
            case USA:
                car = USACarFactory.buildCar(model);
                break;
            case ASIA:
                car = AsiaCarFactory.buildCar(model);
                break;
            case DEFAULT:
                car = DefaultCarFactory.buildCar(model);
                break;
            default:
                // throw some exception
                break;
        }
        return car;
    }
}

测试:

package com.iblog.pattern.factory;

import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class CarFactoryTest {

    @Test
    public void buildCar() {
        System.out.println(CarFactory.buildCar(CarType.SMALL));
        System.out.println(CarFactory.buildCar(CarType.SEDAN));
        System.out.println(CarFactory.buildCar(CarType.LUXURY));
    }
}

结果:

Building small car
com.iblog.pattern.factory.SmallCar@5b80350b
Building sedan car
com.iblog.pattern.factory.SedanCar@5d6f64b1
Building luxury car
com.iblog.pattern.factory.LuxuryCar@32a1bec0

Summary

当我们在工厂模式实现中需要对工厂进行抽象编程时,应用抽象工厂实现,与工厂模式之间多了一层抽象逻辑,在Jdk中抽象工厂模式也是常见的:

案例地址:https://github.com/major2015/pattern-example

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