这周的每周一段选自 2018年10月20日《经济学人》leaders 版块的 Against pessimism
这篇文章写的是美国监狱大规模监禁问题 （mass incarceration）,即美国的监狱人口庞大， 占比远超其他发达国家，并没有起到减少犯罪的作用。
一 文本
This is not to say reform is always easy. It takes courage and skill to explain to voters that sending more people to prison is not always a sensible way to punish criminals and reduce crime. Even well-designed improvements can fail when they are implemented poorly. Lousiana, which has taken steps to reduce its prison population, is already seeing signs of a backlash.
二 段落解读
全文共九段，这是文章的第8段。上文写的是美国各州针对大规模监禁所作的反应，但作者深知改革在实际中的困难，因此在第8段主动承认并回应自己观点中的缺陷。这是议论文写作中非常重要的一环。
当我们在论证自己的观点时，除了从正面论证，有时还可以从反对者可能提出的疑问出发，主动承认观点中的缺陷，这样可以体现超强的同理心，也可以增强论证的说服力。
全段共4句。第一句说明改革在实践中的不易；第二句具体说明不易的原因，即从政策制定层面来看，仅是说服民众改变主意都是需要技巧和勇气的；第3句写改革不易的第二个原因，即再好的政策如果执行不力也会功亏一篑；第4句举例，即美国路易斯安那州在执行中遇到了阻碍。
这个承认和回应段落本身提供了一个完整的论证框架：1）指出自己观点中的不足之处； 2）具体解释不足之处； 3）举例说明。 其中第3点可有可无。
三 句子学习
临摹： 提炼句型+ 造句
临摹句子1： That is not to say reform is always easy.
提炼出句型： That is not to say X is always easy. (X 可以是名词也可以是动名词结构的表达)
造句示范：
a）That is not to say solving the problem is always easy.
b) That is not to say reducing pollution is always easy.
c) That is not to say economic growth is always easy.
可以直接背诵和使用的句子
Even well-designed improvements/ policies/plans can fail when they are implemented poorly.
四 段落仿写
示范：
version A
This is not to say reducing pollution is always easy. Environmental protection can easily conflict with economic growth, which is the top priority to many governments. This is especially true for places that are heavily reliant on resources that produce a lot of pollution, say, Shanxi Province.
version B
This is not to say balancing safety and efficiency is always easy. It takes a great resolution on the part of the leadership, whose primary focus is almost always on production and economic returns. Also, serious accidents only happen occasionally, which do not justify the costs imposing stricter safety measures entails.
五 作业
1）造句
场景：留学时融入异文化不易 That is not to say integrating into a foreign culture is always easy.
场景： critical thinking 不易 That is not to say developing critical thinking skills is always easy
2）仿写
That is not to say developing critical thinking skills is always easy. It takes constant effort to ask good questions, to synthesize information from different sources, and to form one's own ideas. This is especially true for students who get used to learning through memorization and recitation techniques. For example, passive learners incline to listen quietly and absorb information without discussion and creative questioning in class.
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