读完这个东西只需要30分钟，但是做完这个东西拟定的任务需要7天。楷博财经讲师精心整理，一包干到发燥的，点火就着的干货！拿走不谢~
◆ Part one
General causes of failure in F5 Exam
做题顺序
从考后的问询调查来看，相当一批学生一开始就选择攻克后面的大题: 手忙脚乱的先做完大题，发现只有20分钟来做前面的选择题了，因此闭上眼睛勾选，这基本等于自寻死路：不管难易，分值一样。考试是现实而残酷的游戏，只会以成败论英雄。要和我煮酒论英雄？我们考完试先！
➤Tip: 请先完成Section A, Section B的选择题, 这是性价比最高的两个部分.
时间管理
这个是通病，很多同学花时间在他们会做的题目上，跳过不会做的题目...
另一位同学的留言: 通宵背了Advanced variance的公式，发现在选择题中用上了，兴奋得两眼放光，一个饿虎扑食，以难分难舍之势跟这个题浪了6分钟！交卷之前不放心，又花了3~4分钟重新验算的一遍！！哥！你对我是真爱，但是我只值2分！本来3.6分钟的事情你花了8分钟！你效率真高！
➤Tip: 考前必须最少做10套真题，考前两天最少再做2套历史真题(严格控制时间)
生僻考点
本次出现了ROLLING BUDGET的大题. 这个知识点属于常规低频考点（即： 授课必讲，但出现在大题的概率不高, 最近一次是2012年12月的Designit Co). 虽然比较生僻，但是知识点覆盖极其常规，一定是Definition(What), Suitability (how), Advantage and Disadvantage (why).按照这个吃遍天下的套路，哪怕只是有模糊印象, 如果可以将这些印象和案例内容结合论述一下, 估计会有30%~40%的有效分。
但是我们一看到这种长得比较陌生的题，第一秒想到的居然不是知识，而是放弃！于是完全不下笔的童鞋很多!你不抓分，分不会从天上掉下来。还有抱怨出题很偏的童鞋们，放下怨气，捡起真题，我们的Syllabubs本来海纳百川，连神仙也不知道哪一个知识点会在啥时候以什么方式出现，所以所有知识点都可能是考点。即使我一定会identify重点，但是重点真的不等于必考点而非重点也并非又名必不考点。如果你碰到某人言之凿凿地宣称他知道确切考点，请叫他江湖术士，如果他不是一枚神仙。
➤Tip 1: 通过Budget来指导控制公司/部门/员工的行动, 终极目的是提高业绩,所以budget一直是我们F5 业绩管理的重点！所以其实这根本就是在考重点好不！
➤Tip 2:请熟练掌握（what - why -how)ZBB (Zero based budgeting), Incremental budgeting and Top down/ bottom up budgeting!
◆ Part two
F5的重点以及预测
■ 1.ABC, 包括: 计算, 利弊, 适合什么样的企业环境;
(相关历史真题: Jun 2015 Beckley Hills Co. 本文part three 有答案)
(相关历史真题: Dec 2012 Wash Co.)
■ 2.Throughput accounting, 包括: 计算公式, TPAR如何帮助企业make optimum production plan, 如何提高TPAR (目的仍然是提高企业的profitability 即 业绩);
(相关历史真题: Dec 2014 Glam Co.)
■ 3.Cost-profit-volume analysis
(相关历史真题: Dec 2014 Hair Co.)
■ 4.Pricing strategy
(相关历史真题: Jun 2013 Cam Co Pricing)
■ 5. Relevant costing - one off contracts
(相关历史真题: Dec 2011 Hi Life Co)
■ 6.Maxi-max, maxi-min & mini-max
(相关历史真题: Jun 2011 Cement Co)
■ 7.Advanced Variance
(相关历史真题: Dec 2015 Organic Bread Co)
(相关历史真题: Dec 2014 The Safe Soap Co)
(相关历史真题: Jun 2014 Valet Co)
■ 8.Performance assessment
(相关历史真题: Sep 2015 Jungle Co)
(相关历史真题: Dec 2015 Cardale Industrial Metal Co)
■ 9.ROI and RI
(相关历史真题: Jun 2011 Brace Co )
■ 10.Transfer pricing
(相关历史真题: Jun 2015 Mobe Co)
(相关历史真题: Dec 2011 The Bath Co)
◆ Part three
部分重点题型的答案解析
（摘选近年来的重点难点考试真题）
(2016 Sep)选择题
2A company makes and sells product X and product Y. Twice as many units of product Y are made and sold as that of product X. Each unit of product X makes a contribution of $10 and each unit of product Y makes a contribution of $4.Fixed costs are $90,000.
What is the total number of units which must be made and sold to make a profit of$45,000?
A7,500 B 22,500 C 15,000 D 16,875
Solution:
将1个X 和2个Y 视为一套, 每套contribution = $18
3Product GX consists of a mix of three materials, J, K and L. The standard material costof a unit of GX is as follows:
MaterialJ 5 kg at $4 per kg $20
MaterialK 2 kg at $12 per kg $24
MaterialL 3 kg at $8 per kg $24
During March, 3,000 units of GX were produced, and actual usage was:
MaterialJ 13,200 kg Material K 6,500 kg Material L 9,300 kg
What was the materials yield variance for March?
Solution:
Method1:
Material Yield variance = (SQ – ATQ XSM) X SP
Material Yield variance of J= (3,000 units X5 kg– 29,000 X 1/2) X $4 = 2,000F
Material Yield variance of K = (3,000 units X2 kg – 29,000 X1/5) X $12 = 2,400F
Material Yield variance of L = (3,000 units X3 kg – 29,000 X3/10) X $8 = 2,400F
Total yield variance= 6,800F
Method 2:
Expected cost per output unit = $6.80 (= (20 + 24 + 24)/10kg)
3,000units should use 10 kg each (3,000 x 10) = 30,000 kg
3,000units did use = 29,000 kg
Difference= 1,000 kg (this is abnormal gain)
Totalyield variance = 1,000 x 6.8 = 6,800 F
4A manufacturer and retailer of kitchens introduce an enterprise resource planning system.
Which of the following is NOT likely to be a potential benefit of introducing this system?
A Schedulesof labor are prepared for manufacturing
B Inventory records are updated automatically
C Sales are recorded into the financial ledgers
D Critical strategic information can be summarized
Solution:Chapter 14 中 ERPS:企业资源规划系统, 参见讲义. 它的目的不是汇总关键战略信息. 这是Executive information system 做的
6A government is trying to assess schools by using a range of financial and non-financial factors. One of the chosen methods is the percentage of studentspassing five exams or more.
Which of the three Es in the value for money framework is being measured here?
A Economy; B Efficiency; C Effectiveness; D Expertise
Solution:学生通过率是教学的结果
7Which of the following techniques is NOT relevant to target costing?
A Value analysis
BVariance analysis
C Functional analysis
D Activity analysis
Solution:A 很明显和target costing 相关: we use it to close the cost gap, i.e. this is a cost reduction technique 但是C and D 在F5 课堂上没有讲述过. 解决这道题， 还是要靠我们对variance analysis的理解: 它的作用是cost control, 而不是cost reduction. Cost control and cost reduction的区别是F2的知识点
8A government department generates information which should not be disclosed to anyone who works outside of the department. There are many other governmentde partments working within the same building.
Which of the following would NOT be an effective control procedure for the generation and distribution of the information within the government department?
A If working from home, departmental employees must use a memory stick to transfer data, as laptop computers are not allowed to leave the department
B All departmental employees must enter non-disclosed and regularly updated passwordsto access their computers
C All authorised employees must swipe an officially issued, personal identity card atthe entrance to the department before they can gain access
D All hard copies of confidential information must be shredded at the end of each dayor locked overnight in a safe if needed again.
此题完全靠常识. 相比BCD，A相对不那么安全；D选项中"所有纸质机密资料必须每次下班前绞碎,或放到保险箱中"。PS:要员工明天一早一张张碎片重新用胶水拼凑起来？
(2016 Sep) 1. Mylo Co.(Risk and uncertainty)
Mylo runs a cafeteria situated on the ground floor of a large corporate office block. Each of the five floors of the building are occupied and there are intotal 1,240 employees.
Mylo sells lunches and snacks in the cafeteria. The lunch menu is freshly prepared each morning and Mylo has to decide how many meals to make each day. As the office block is located in the city centre, there are several other places situated around the building where staff can buy their lunch, so the level of demand for lunches in the cafeteria is uncertain.
Mylohas analysed daily sales over the previous six months and established four possible demand levels and their associated probabilities. He has produced the following payoff table to show the daily profits which could be earned from the lunch sales in the cafeteria:
16If Mylo adopts a maximin approach to decision-making, which daily supply levelwill he choose?
A 450lunches; B 620 lunches; C 775 lunches; D 960 lunches
Solution:Mylo规避风险 (a risk-avoider), 那么他首先悲观的估计,需求是很低的(450),那么他会做出每天生产450的决策.
17If Mylo adopts a minimax regret approach to decision-making, which daily supplylevel will he choose?
A 450lunches B 620 lunches C 775 lunches D 960 lunches
Solution:
Step 1. 每一个横排找到最大值
Step2.用最大值减去同排其他金额，判断每个决策的后悔值的最大值
Step3.当他做每天生产960 meals的决策时， 后悔值的最大值(maximum opportunity cost)为最小， 因此Option D
18Which of the following statements is/are true if Mylo chooses to use expected values to assist in his decision-making regarding the number of lunches to beprovided?
(1)Mylo would be considered to be taking a defensive and conservative approach tohis decision
(2) Expected valueswill ignore any variability which could occur across the range of possible outcomes
(3)Expected values will not take into account the likelihood of the different outcomes occurring
(4)Expected values can be applied by Mylo as he is evaluatinga decision which occurs many times over
A1, 2and 3; B 2 and 4; C 1 and 3 only; D 4 only
Solution:(1)他使用EV方式决策，并不是说他规避风险, 说明这货是risk-neutral ; (3) 正好说反了
19The human resources department has offered to undertake some research to help Myloto predict the number of employees who will require lunch in the cafeteria eachday. This information will allow Mylo to prepare an accurate number of lunches each day.
What is the maximum amount which Mylo would be willing to pay for this information(to the nearest whole $)?
A$191 B $359 C $478 D $175
Solution:
Step 1.计算 expected valuewithout perfect information
Note:每个决策对应一个EV，经过计算，决策为775meals时， EV=1,648, 为最大值.
Step2.计算 expected valuewith perfect information
=(0·15 x $1,170) + (0·30 x $1,612) + (0·40 x $2,015) + (0·15 x $2,496) = $1,839·50
Note:每次预测有450meals的需求，他会生产450meals，得到$1,170. 但是他不能够控制实际需求的数量，因此，每一天450meals需求的概率依然是0.15
Step3.Value of perfect information = $1,839 - $1,648 = $191
今天就“下课”了，明天还会继续带大家做真题哦，请准时收看~
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