Hadoop开启kerberos(基于CDH6.3)

作者: 清蒸三文鱼_ | 来源:发表于2024-04-06 18:37 被阅读0次

Hadoop开启Kerberos安全模式
使用JAVA-API访问开启kerberos集群下的HDFS
Hadoop配置Kerberos互信
配置两个不同kerberos认证中心的集群间的互信
配置两个Hadoop集群Kerberos认证跨域互信
Ranger-AdminServer安装(开启Kerberos)
Storm集群安装Version1.0.1开启Kerberos
Hadoop Kerberos安全机制介绍(转载，笔记).md
Flink1.8 集群搭建完全指南(2)：Kerberos的安装
Kerberos KDC主从搭建

步骤

系统环境: Centos7.9
用户: root

一. 搭建Kerberos环境

1. 搭建Kerberos server

1. 安装

yum install krb5-server krb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation openldap-clients -y

执行命令后会生成/etc/krb5.conf、/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl、/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf三个文件

2. 修改配置, 将realm改为HADOOP.COM(按需)

/etc/krb5.conf

# Configuration snippets may be placed in this directory as well
includedir /etc/krb5.conf.d/

[logging]
 default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
 kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
 admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log

[libdefaults]
 dns_lookup_realm = false
 ticket_lifetime = 24h
 renew_lifetime = 7d
 forwardable = true
 rdns = false
 pkinit_anchors = FILE:/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
# default_realm = EXAMPLE.COM
default_realm = HADOOP.COM
# 该配置建议去掉, 可能会导致客户端认证失败
# default_ccache_name = KEYRING:persistent:%{uid}

[realms]
# EXAMPLE.COM = {
#  kdc = kerberos.example.com
#  admin_server = kerberos.example.com
# }
HADOOP.COM = {
  # kdc认证服务的host名称, 需要提前在/etc/hosts做配置
  kdc = kdc-server-host1
  admin_server = kdc-server-host1
}

[domain_realm]
# .example.com = EXAMPLE.COM
# example.com = EXAMPLE.COM
.example.com = HADOOP.COM
example.com = HADOOP.COM

/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl

*/admin@HADOOP.COM     *

/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf

[kdcdefaults]
 kdc_ports = 88
 kdc_tcp_ports = 88

[realms]
 HADOOP.COM = {
  #master_key_type = aes256-cts
  acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
  dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words
  admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab
  supported_enctypes = aes256-cts:normal aes128-cts:normal des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hmac:normal camellia256-cts:normal camellia128-cts:normal des-hmac-sha1:normal des-cbc-md5:normal des-cbc-crc:norm
al
 }

3. 初始化Kerberos

创建Kerberos数据库

kdb5_util create –r http://HADOOP.COM -s

途中提示输入密码, 重复两次即可

创建Kerberos的管理账号

执行kadmin.local, 输入admin/admin@HADOOP.COM

途中提示输入密码, 重复两次即可

启动kdc和kadmin服务

systemctl enable krb5kdc
systemctl enable kadmin
systemctl start krb5kdc
systemctl start kadmin

2. Kerberos Client访问

建议所有hadoop和微服务相关的全部机器都进行Kerberos client的安装, 并将Kerberos server的配置/etc/krb5.conf拷贝一份过来到相同目录下

安装客户端

# RHEL
yum install krb5-workstation krb5-libs
# SUSE
zypper install krb5-client
# Ubuntu, Debian
apt-get install krb5-user

二. Hadoop环境配置

1. hdfs配置

需要操作的角色: Datanode, Namenode, SecondaryNameNode

1) Kerberos凭证生成和初始化

在Kerberos server所在机器(root用户)生成hdfs相关的凭证, 每台hdfs的节点都需要用于组件内部通讯, 示例为namenode数量为1, datanode数量为3

凭证名称

hdfs/hadoop-node1@HADOOP.COM
hdfs/hadoop-node2@HADOOP.COM
hdfs/hadoop-node3@HADOOP.COM

HTTP/hadoop-node1@HADOOP.COM
HTTP/hadoop-node2@HADOOP.COM
HTTP/hadoop-node3@HADOOP.COM

输入命令给所有机器生成凭证, 途中需要输入两次密码

kadmin.local: 
add_principal hdfs/hadoop-node1@HADOOP.COM
add_principal hdfs/hadoop-node2@HADOOP.COM
....

list_principals为查看命令

导出凭证保存为hdfs.keytab文件, 将keytab文件上传到datanode机器的相同目录上

kadmin.local: 
ktadd -k /tmp/hadoop-node1/hdfs.keytab hdfs/hadoop-node1@HADOOP.COM
ktadd -k /tmp/hadoop-node2/hdfs.keytab hdfs/hadoop-node2@HADOOP.COM
.....

2) core-site.xml

<property>
  <name>hadoop.security.authentication</name>
  <value>kerberos</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hadoop.security.authorization</name>
  <value>true</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>java.security.krb5.conf</name>
  <value>/path/to/krb5.conf</value>
</property>

3) hdfs-site.xml

NameNode

<property>
  <name>dfs.namenode.kerberos.principal</name>
  <value>hdfs/_HOST@<REALM></value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>dfs.namenode.keytab.file</name>
  <value>/path/to/hdfs.keytab</value>
</property>

DataNode

<property>
  <name>dfs.datanode.kerberos.principal</name>
  <value>hdfs/_HOST@<REALM></value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>dfs.datanode.keytab.file</name>
  <value>/path/to/hdfs.keytab</value>
</property>

Secondary Namenode

<property>
  <name>dfs.secondary.namenode.kerberos.principal</name>
  <value>hdfs/_HOST@<REALM></value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>dfs.secondary.namenode.keytab.file</name>
  <value>/path/to/hdfs.keytab</value>
</property>

开启Kerberos后, 可能会对系统的pid有要求需要小于1024, 如果启动Datanode报错时, 尝试在Datanode节点上的hdfs-site.xml加入如下配置, 对Datanode的数据收发端口做配置

<property>
  <name>dfs.datanode.address</name>
  <value>datanode-host1:1004</value>
</property>
  <property>
  <name>dfs.datanode.http.address</name>
  <value>datanode-host1:1006</value>
</property>

hdfs http web控制台Kerberos(按需)

core-site.xml

<property>
    <name>hadoop.http.filter.initializers</name>
    <value>org.apache.hadoop.security.AuthenticationFilterInitializer</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.type</name>
    <value>kerberos</value>
</property>

<property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.signature.secret.file</name>
    <value>/opt/http-auth-signature-secret</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.cookie.domain</name>
    <value></value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.kerberos.keytab</name>
    <value>/path/to/hdfs.keytab</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.kerberos.principal</name>
    <value>HTTP/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
</property>

hdfs-site.xml

  <property>
    <name>dfs.web.authentication.kerberos.keytab</name>
    <value>/path/to/hdfs.keytab</value>
  </property>
    <property>
    <name>dfs.web.authentication.kerberos.principal</name>
    <value>HTTP/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
  </property>

开启http的Kerberos认证后, hdfs相关的web界面不能直接访问了,必须通过域名进行访问, 不能ip访问会报错401或403

curl
curl --negotiate -u : http://hdfs-node1:9870
火狐浏览器

1.之所以用火狐是因为配置较为简单, 地址栏输入about:config,调整如下两个配置 network.negotiate-auth.trusted-uris=hdfs-node1,hdfs-node2输入目标机器的域名; network.negotiate-auth.using-native-gsslib=true;</br>2.下载window版本的MIT,即kerberos的环境,修改配置krb5.ini(可以将linux kdc下的/etc/krb5.conf拷贝下来),随后GetTicket输入账号密码;
3.访问http://hdfs-node1:9870

重启hdfs所有节点, 并挑选机器进行验证, 机器需要安装Kerberos Client

kdestroy
kinit -kt /tmp/hadoop-node1/hdfs.keytab hdfs/hadoop-node1@HADOOP.COM
hadoop fs -ls /

命令能正常输出即为正常

2. yarn配置

涉及角色: NodeManager,ResourceManager,JobHistory Server
yarn同样需要提前生成kerberos的keytab文件,参考hdsf章节

yarn/yarn-node1@HADOOP.COM
yarn/yarn-node2@HADOOP.COM

core-site.xml

  <property>
    <name>hadoop.security.authentication</name>
    <value>kerberos</value>
  </property>
    <property>
    <name>hadoop.security.authorization</name>
    <value>true</value>
  </property>

hdfs-site.xml

<property>
  <name>dfs.namenode.kerberos.principal</name>
  <value>hdfs/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>dfs.namenode.kerberos.internal.spnego.principal</name>
  <value>HTTP/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
</property>

</property>
  <property>
  <name>dfs.datanode.kerberos.principal</name>
  <value>hdfs/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
</property>

yarn-site.xml

ResourceManager

<!-- resource manager -->
  <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.principal</name>
    <value>yarn/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
  </property>
  
  <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.spnego-principal</name>
    <value>HTTP/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
  </property>
  
  <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.keytab</name>
    <value>/path/to/yarn.keytab</value>
  </property>
  
  <property>
    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.webapp.spnego-keytab-file</name>
    <value>/path/to/yarn.keytab</value>
  </property>

NodeManager

  <!-- nodemanager -->
  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.principal</name>
    <value>yarn/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
  </property>
  
  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.webapp.spnego-principal</name>
    <value>HTTP/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
  </property>
  
  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.keytab</name>
    <value>/path/to/yarn.keytab</value>
  </property>
  
  <property>
    <name>yarn.nodemanager.webapp.spnego-keytab-file</name>
    <value>/path/to/yarn.keytab</value>
  </property>

yarn http web控制台Kerberos(按需)

前提: hdfs开启了控制台的Kerberos认证

core-site.xml

 <property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.type</name>
    <value>kerberos</value>
  </property>
    <property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.signature.secret.file</name>
    <value>/opt/http-auth-signature-secret</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.kerberos.principal</name>
    <value>HTTP/_HOST@HADOOP.COM</value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.cookie.domain</name>
    <value></value>
  </property>
  <property>
    <name>hadoop.http.authentication.kerberos.keytab</name>
    <value>yarn.keytab</value>
  </property>

开启yarn的Kerberos认证后, yarn相关的web界面不能直接访问了,必须通过域名进行访问, 不能ip访问会报错401或403

curl
curl --negotiate -u : http://yarn-node1:8088/cluster
火狐浏览器

1.之所以用火狐是因为配置较为简单, 地址栏输入about:config,调整如下两个配置 network.negotiate-auth.trusted-uris=yarn-node1,yarn-node2输入目标机器的域名; network.negotiate-auth.using-native-gsslib=true;
2.下载window版本的MIT,即kerberos的环境,修改配置krb5.ini(可以将linux kdc下的/etc/krb5.conf拷贝下来),随后GetTicket输入账号密码;
3.访问http://yarn-node1:8088

三. kerberos适配

flink相关脚本改造

# 导入凭证
kdestroy
kinit -kt /tmp/hdfs.keytab hdfs@HADOOP.COM
# 执行
export KRB5_CONFIG=/tmp/krb5.conf
$FLINK_HOME/bin/flink run -d \
-yD security.kerberos.krb5-conf.path=/tmp/krb5.conf \
-yD security.kerberos.login.keytab=/tmp/hdfs.keytab \
-yD security.kerberos.login.principal=hdfs@HADOOP.COM \
....

hdfs

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    String local_dir = "/tmp/";
    String userName = "hdfs/hdfs@HADOOP.COM";
    Configuration conf = new Configuration();
    conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://xxx:8020");
    conf.set("hadoop.security.authentication", "kerberos");
    conf.set("fs.hdfs.impl", "org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem");
    
    System.setProperty("java.security.krb5.conf", local_dir + "krb5.conf");
    UserGroupInformation.setConfiguration(conf);
    UserGroupInformation.loginUserFromKeytabAndReturnUGI(userName, local_dir + "hdfs.keytab");
    SecurityUtil.setSecurityInfoProviders(new AnnotatedSecurityInfo());
    FileSystem fs = UserGroupInformation.getLoginUser().doAs(
            (PrivilegedExceptionAction<FileSystem>) () -> FileSystem.get(conf));
}

五. 常见异常处理

Requested user hdfs is not whitelisted and has id 981,which is below the minimum allowed 1000

修改nodemanager的container-executor.cfg配置, min.user.id=0

Requested user hdfs is banned

修改nodemanager的container-executor.cfg配置, 在users的配置项去掉hdfs用户,banned.users=root,bin

Flink任务运行一段时间后异常, Unable to set the Hadoop login user, Checksum failed

Shutting YarnJobClusterEntrypoint down with application status FAILED. Diagnostics org.apache.flink.runtime.security.modules.SecurityModule$Security
hdfs@HADOOP.COM from keytab /yarn/nm/usercache/hdfs/appcache/application_1712457844733_0001/container_1712457844733_0001_03_000001/krb5.keytab javax
Caused by: javax.security.auth.login.LoginException: Checksum failed

解决:

说明hadoop集群的kb认证可能到期了或者变更了, 需要在cdh上重新生成凭据, 然后重启集群

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Hadoop开启kerberos(基于CDH6.3)

步骤

一. 搭建Kerberos环境

1. 搭建Kerberos server

1. 安装

2. 修改配置, 将realm改为HADOOP.COM(按需)

3. 初始化Kerberos

2. Kerberos Client访问

二. Hadoop环境配置

1. hdfs配置

1) Kerberos凭证生成和初始化

2) core-site.xml

3) hdfs-site.xml

hdfs http web控制台Kerberos(按需)

core-site.xml

hdfs-site.xml

重启hdfs所有节点, 并挑选机器进行验证, 机器需要安装Kerberos Client

2. yarn配置

core-site.xml

hdfs-site.xml

yarn-site.xml

yarn http web控制台Kerberos(按需)

三. kerberos适配

五. 常见异常处理

Requested user hdfs is not whitelisted and has id 981,which is below the minimum allowed 1000

Requested user hdfs is banned

Flink任务运行一段时间后异常, Unable to set the Hadoop login user, Checksum failed

解决:

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