一、MySQL架构图

mysql架构图
图片来源查看官方文档：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/pluggable-storage-overview.html
MySQL中有如下组件：

连接池组件：Connetion Pool
NoSQL接口：CRUD操作
SQL接口：处理DML、DDL、存储过程、视图、触发器等
查询分析器组件：Parser
优化器组件：Optimizer
缓存组件：Caches & Buffers
插件式存储引擎：Storage Engines
物理文件：Files & Logs

二、MySQL常用存储引擎

MySQL区别于其他数据库的一个重要特点是支持插件式存储引擎，它是基于表的而不是数据库。
使用命令show engines;查看MySQL支持的存储引擎

mysql 版本信息 ：Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL
mysql> show engines;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment                                                        | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| FEDERATED          | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |
| MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES     | Performance Schema                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| BLACKHOLE          | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| ARCHIVE            | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+