Element之Skeleton 骨架屏 2025-06-05

在需要等待加载内容的位置设置一个骨架屏，某些场景下比 Loading 的视觉效果更好。

基础用法

<template>
  <el-skeleton />
  <br />
  <el-skeleton style="--el-skeleton-circle-size: 100px">
    <template #template>
      <el-skeleton-item variant="circle" />
    </template>
  </el-skeleton>
</template>

更多参数

可以配置骨架屏段落数量，以便更接近真实渲染效果。显示的数量会比传入的数量多 1，首行会被渲染一个长度 33% 的段首。

<template>
  <el-skeleton :rows="5" />
</template>

动画效果

我们提供了一个开关标志，表明是否显示加载动画， 调用 animated 如果真是这样，所有的 el-skeleton 的子节点将显示动画。

<template>
  <el-skeleton :rows="5" animated />
</template>

自定义样式

Element Plus 提供的排版模式有时候并不满足要求，当您想要用自己定义的模板时，可以通过一个具名 Slot template 来自己设定模板。

<template>
  <el-skeleton style="width: 240px">
    <template #template>
      <el-skeleton-item variant="image" style="width: 240px; height: 240px" />
      <div style="padding: 14px">
        <el-skeleton-item variant="p" style="width: 50%" />
        <div
          style="
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-items: space-between;
          "
        >
          <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="margin-right: 16px" />
          <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="width: 30%" />
        </div>
      </div>
    </template>
  </el-skeleton>
</template>

加载状态

当 Loading 结束之后，我们往往需要显示真实的 UI， 可以通过 loading 属性的值来控制是否显示加载后的 DOM。 也可以通过具名插槽 default 来构建 loading 结束之后需要展示的真实 DOM 元素结构。

<template>
  <el-space direction="vertical" alignment="flex-start">
    <div>
      <label style="margin-right: 16px">Switch Loading</label>
      <el-switch v-model="loading" />
    </div>
    <el-skeleton style="width: 240px" :loading="loading" animated>
      <template #template>
        <el-skeleton-item variant="image" style="width: 240px; height: 240px" />
        <div style="padding: 14px">
          <el-skeleton-item variant="h3" style="width: 50%" />
          <div
            style="
              display: flex;
              align-items: center;
              justify-items: space-between;
              margin-top: 16px;
              height: 16px;
            "
          >
            <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="margin-right: 16px" />
            <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="width: 30%" />
          </div>
        </div>
      </template>
      <template #default>
        <el-card :body-style="{ padding: '0px', marginBottom: '1px' }">
          <img
            src="https://shadow.elemecdn.com/app/element/hamburger.9cf7b091-55e9-11e9-a976-7f4d0b07eef6.png"
            class="image"
          />
          <div style="padding: 14px">
            <span>Delicious hamburger</span>
            <div class="bottom card-header">
              <div class="time">{{ currentDate }}</div>
              <el-button text class="button">Operation button</el-button>
            </div>
          </div>
        </el-card>
      </template>
    </el-skeleton>
  </el-space>
</template>

<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'

const loading = ref(true)
const currentDate = new Date().toDateString()
</script>

渲染多条数据

大多时候, 骨架屏都被用来渲染列表, 当我们需要在从服务器获取数据的时候来渲染一个假的 UI。 利用 count 这个属性就能控制渲染多少条假的数据在页面上

<template>
  <el-space style="width: 100%" fill>
    <div>
      <el-button @click="setLoading">Click me to reload</el-button>
    </div>
    <el-skeleton
      style="display: flex; gap: 8px"
      :loading="loading"
      animated
      :count="3"
    >
      <template #template>
        <div style="flex: 1">
          <el-skeleton-item variant="image" style="height: 240px" />
          <div style="padding: 14px">
            <el-skeleton-item variant="h3" style="width: 50%" />
            <div
              style="
                display: flex;
                align-items: center;
                justify-items: space-between;
                margin-top: 16px;
                height: 16px;
              "
            >
              <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="margin-right: 16px" />
              <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="width: 30%" />
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </template>
      <template #default>
        <el-card
          v-for="item in lists"
          :key="item.name"
          :body-style="{ padding: '0px', marginBottom: '1px' }"
        >
          <img
            :src="item.imgUrl"
            class="image multi-content"
            style="max-width: 100%"
          />
          <div style="padding: 14px">
            <span>{{ item.name }}</span>
            <div class="bottom card-header">
              <div class="time">{{ currentDate }}</div>
              <el-button text class="button">Operation button</el-button>
            </div>
          </div>
        </el-card>
      </template>
    </el-skeleton>
  </el-space>
</template>

<script lang="ts" setup>
import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue'

interface ListItem {
  imgUrl: string
  name: string
}

const loading = ref(true)
const lists = ref<ListItem[]>([])
const currentDate = new Date().toDateString()

const setLoading = () => {
  loading.value = true
  setTimeout(() => {
    loading.value = false
  }, 2000)
}

onMounted(() => {
  loading.value = false
  lists.value = [
    {
      imgUrl:
        'https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/a/3f/3302e58f9a181d2509f3dc0fa68b0jpeg.jpeg',
      name: 'Deer',
    },
    {
      imgUrl:
        'https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/1/34/19aa98b1fcb2781c4fba33d850549jpeg.jpeg',
      name: 'Horse',
    },
    {
      imgUrl:
        'https://fuss10.elemecdn.com/0/6f/e35ff375812e6b0020b6b4e8f9583jpeg.jpeg',
      name: 'Mountain Lion',
    },
  ]
})
</script>

防止渲染抖动

有的时候，API 的请求回来的特别快，往往骨架占位刚刚被渲染，真实的数据就已经回来了，用户的界面会突然一闪， 此时为了避免这种情况，就需要通过 throttle 属性来避免这个问题。

<template>
  <el-space direction="vertical" alignment="flex-start">
    <div>
      <label style="margin-right: 16px">Switch Loading</label>
      <el-switch v-model="loading" />
    </div>
    <el-skeleton
      style="width: 240px"
      :loading="loading"
      animated
      :throttle="500"
    >
      <template #template>
        <el-skeleton-item variant="image" style="width: 240px; height: 265px" />
        <div style="padding: 14px">
          <el-skeleton-item variant="h3" style="width: 50%" />
          <div
            style="
              display: flex;
              align-items: center;
              justify-items: space-between;
              margin-top: 16px;
              height: 16px;
            "
          >
            <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="margin-right: 16px" />
            <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="width: 30%" />
          </div>
        </div>
      </template>
      <template #default>
        <el-card :body-style="{ padding: '0px', marginBottom: '1px' }">
          <img
            src="https://shadow.elemecdn.com/app/element/hamburger.9cf7b091-55e9-11e9-a976-7f4d0b07eef6.png"
            class="image"
          />
          <div style="padding: 14px">
            <span>Delicious hamburger</span>
            <div class="bottom card-header">
              <div class="time">{{ currentDate }}</div>
              <el-button text class="button">operation button</el-button>
            </div>
          </div>
        </el-card>
      </template>
    </el-skeleton>
  </el-space>
</template>

<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'

const loading = ref(false)
const currentDate = new Date().toDateString()
</script>

初始渲染加载

当初始值为 loading: true 时，您可以设置 throttle: {initVal: true, leading: xxx} 来控制初始骨架屏的即时显示，而无需进行节流。

<template>
  <el-space direction="vertical" alignment="flex-start">
    <div>
      <label style="margin-right: 16px">Switch Loading</label>
      <el-switch v-model="loading" />
    </div>
    <el-skeleton
      style="width: 240px"
      :loading="loading"
      animated
      :throttle="{ leading: 500, initVal: true }"
    >
      <template #template>
        <el-skeleton-item variant="image" style="width: 240px; height: 265px" />
        <div style="padding: 14px">
          <el-skeleton-item variant="h3" style="width: 50%" />
          <div
            style="
              display: flex;
              align-items: center;
              justify-items: space-between;
              margin-top: 16px;
              height: 16px;
            "
          >
            <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="margin-right: 16px" />
            <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="width: 30%" />
          </div>
        </div>
      </template>
      <template #default>
        <el-card :body-style="{ padding: '0px', marginBottom: '1px' }">
          <img
            src="https://shadow.elemecdn.com/app/element/hamburger.9cf7b091-55e9-11e9-a976-7f4d0b07eef6.png"
            class="image"
          />
          <div style="padding: 14px">
            <span>Delicious hamburger</span>
            <div class="bottom card-header">
              <div class="time">{{ currentDate }}</div>
              <el-button text class="button">operation button</el-button>
            </div>
          </div>
        </el-card>
      </template>
    </el-skeleton>
  </el-space>
</template>

<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'

const loading = ref(true)
const currentDate = new Date().toDateString()
</script>

切换显示/隐藏时避免渲染抖动

• 您可以设置 throttle: {initVal: true, leading: xxx, trailing: xxx}，以控制骨架效果的初始显示，并使切换加载状态时骨架效果的过渡更加平滑。
• 有时，当加载状态切换显示或隐藏时，您可能希望业务组件的渲染更加平滑。 您可以设置 throttle: {leading: xxx, trailing: xxx} 来控制渲染抖动。

<template>
  <el-space direction="vertical" alignment="flex-start">
    <div>
      <label style="margin-right: 16px">Switch Loading</label>
      <el-switch v-model="loading" />
    </div>
    <el-skeleton
      style="width: 240px"
      :loading="loading"
      animated
      :throttle="{ leading: 500, trailing: 500, initVal: true }"
    >
      <template #template>
        <el-skeleton-item variant="image" style="width: 240px; height: 265px" />
        <div style="padding: 14px">
          <el-skeleton-item variant="h3" style="width: 50%" />
          <div
            style="
              display: flex;
              align-items: center;
              justify-items: space-between;
              margin-top: 16px;
              height: 16px;
            "
          >
            <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="margin-right: 16px" />
            <el-skeleton-item variant="text" style="width: 30%" />
          </div>
        </div>
      </template>
      <template #default>
        <el-card :body-style="{ padding: '0px', marginBottom: '1px' }">
          <img
            src="https://shadow.elemecdn.com/app/element/hamburger.9cf7b091-55e9-11e9-a976-7f4d0b07eef6.png"
            class="image"
          />
          <div style="padding: 14px">
            <span>Delicious hamburger</span>
            <div class="bottom card-header">
              <div class="time">{{ currentDate }}</div>
              <el-button text class="button">operation button</el-button>
            </div>
          </div>
        </el-card>
      </template>
    </el-skeleton>
  </el-space>
</template>

<script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'

const loading = ref(false)
const currentDate = new Date().toDateString()
</script>