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Android事件分发

Android事件分发

作者: 编程的猫 | 来源:发表于2020-03-09 13:18 被阅读0次
事件分发的对象是点击事件(touch事件)

当用户触摸手机屏幕的时候就会产生点击事件(Touch事件),touch事件将会倍封装到MotionEvent对象中,其中包含了触摸点的坐标,时间等信息

事件类型
事件类型

一般情况下,事件列都是以DOWN事件开始、UP事件结束,中间有无数的MOVE事件,当一个点击事件(MotionEvent )产生后,系统需把这个事件传递给一个具体的 View 去处理,如下图:


touch事件

事件会在Activity、ViewGroup、View间依次传递

image.png

从上图可以看出,事件最先是经过Activity,再到ViewGroup
,然后到View

事件分分发主要涉及到以下方法:
dispatchTouchEvent() 、onInterceptTouchEvent()和onTouchEvent()

img.jpg

ViewGroup中涉及dispatchTouchEvent(),onInterceptTouchEvent()和onTouchEvent()方法
View涉及dispatchTouchEvent()和onTouchEvent()方法

Activity的分析:

以下我描述下android事件分发的过程:
1.在Activity中重写dispatchTouchEvent()方法:

 @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {

        return super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
    }

可以看到,方法内是调用了父类的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,我们点击进入其父类的方法

 public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            onUserInteraction();
        }
        if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
            return true;
        }
        return onTouchEvent(ev);
    }

可以看到其内部主要涉及到三个方法:

  • onUserInteraction()这个方法主要是实现屏保功能,此处不予探究
  • getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent()方法是调用了PhoneWindow的superDispatchTouchEvent()方法:
 @Override
    public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }

这是DecordView中的superDispatchTouchEvent方法:

    public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }

而superDispatchTouchEvent()方法内又是调用了mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event),而DecorView又是调用了父类的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,其父类是FrameLayout又继承自ViewGroup,由此Touch事件进入到了ViewGroup,调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,至此进入到了ViewGroup中,ViewGroup的事件分发会在后面讨论:

  • activity的dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)内部的第三个方法:onTouchEvent(ev),进入这个方法:
  public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        if (mWindow.shouldCloseOnTouch(this, event)) {
            finish();
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

其实activity的onTouchEvent方法被调用的情况,一般是下发的事件没有任何view来接收。我们可以看到onTouchEvent方法内调用了shouldCloseOnTouch(),源码如下:

   public boolean shouldCloseOnTouch(Context context, MotionEvent event) {
    // 主要是对于处理边界外点击事件的判断:是否是DOWN事件,event的坐标是否在边界内等
    if (mCloseOnTouchOutside && event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
            && isOutOfBounds(context, event) && peekDecorView() != null) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
    // 返回true:说明事件在边界外,即 消费事件
    // 返回false:未消费(默认)
}

这里主要判断事件是否位于window的边界外,如果是在边界外,则返回true,消费事件;否则,返回false,不做处理。

至此,activity内的分发事件分析完毕
ViewGroup的分析

在activity中我们说到,事件分发会有activity调用dispatchTouchEvent方法执行decorView的superDispatchTouchEvent方法进入到ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法中,那么我们接下来看看在ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法中事件是如何分发的:

  • dispatchTouchEvent方法的源码如下(android5.0):
 public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { 

    ... // 仅贴出关键代码

        // 重点分析1:ViewGroup每次事件分发时,都需调用onInterceptTouchEvent()询问是否拦截事件
            if (disallowIntercept || !onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)) {  

            // 判断值1:disallowIntercept = 是否禁用事件拦截的功能(默认是false),可通过调用requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent()修改
            // 判断值2: !onInterceptTouchEvent(ev) = 对onInterceptTouchEvent()返回值取反
                    // a. 若在onInterceptTouchEvent()中返回false(即不拦截事件),就会让第二个值为true,从而进入到条件判断的内部
                    // b. 若在onInterceptTouchEvent()中返回true(即拦截事件),就会让第二个值为false,从而跳出了这个条件判断
                    // c. 关于onInterceptTouchEvent() ->>分析1

                ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN);  
                final int scrolledXInt = (int) scrolledXFloat;  
                final int scrolledYInt = (int) scrolledYFloat;  
                final View[] children = mChildren;  
                final int count = mChildrenCount;  

        // 重点分析2
            // 通过for循环,遍历了当前ViewGroup下的所有子View
            for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {  
                final View child = children[i];  
                if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE  
                        || child.getAnimation() != null) {  
                    child.getHitRect(frame);  

                    // 判断当前遍历的View是不是正在点击的View,从而找到当前被点击的View
                    // 若是,则进入条件判断内部
                    if (frame.contains(scrolledXInt, scrolledYInt)) {  
                        final float xc = scrolledXFloat - child.mLeft;  
                        final float yc = scrolledYFloat - child.mTop;  
                        ev.setLocation(xc, yc);  
                        child.mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;  

                        // 条件判断的内部调用了该View的dispatchTouchEvent()
                        // 即 实现了点击事件从ViewGroup到子View的传递(具体请看下面的View事件分发机制)
                        if (child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev))  { 

                        mMotionTarget = child;  
                        return true; 
                        // 调用子View的dispatchTouchEvent后是有返回值的
                        // 若该控件可点击,那么点击时,dispatchTouchEvent的返回值必定是true,因此会导致条件判断成立
                        // 于是给ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()直接返回了true,即直接跳出
                        // 即把ViewGroup的点击事件拦截掉

                                }  
                            }  
                        }  
                    }  
                }  
            }  
            boolean isUpOrCancel = (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) ||  
                    (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);  
            if (isUpOrCancel) {  
                mGroupFlags &= ~FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT;  
            }  
            final View target = mMotionTarget;  

        // 重点分析3
        // 若点击的是空白处(即无任何View接收事件) / 拦截事件(手动复写onInterceptTouchEvent(),从而让其返回true)
        if (target == null) {  
            ev.setLocation(xf, yf);  
            if ((mPrivateFlags & CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT) != 0) {  
                ev.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);  
                mPrivateFlags &= ~CANCEL_NEXT_UP_EVENT;  
            }  
            
            return super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
            // 调用ViewGroup父类的dispatchTouchEvent(),即View.dispatchTouchEvent()
            // 因此会执行ViewGroup的onTouch() ->> onTouchEvent() ->> performClick() ->> onClick(),即自己处理该事件,事件不会往下传递(具体请参考View事件的分发机制中的View.dispatchTouchEvent())
            // 此处需与上面区别:子View的dispatchTouchEvent()
        } 

        ... 

}
/**
  * 分析1:ViewGroup.onInterceptTouchEvent()
  * 作用:是否拦截事件
  * 说明:
  *     a. 返回true = 拦截,即事件停止往下传递(需手动设置,即复写onInterceptTouchEvent(),从而让其返回true)
  *     b. 返回false = 不拦截(默认)
  */
  public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {  
    
    return false;

  } 

可以看到,进入dispatchTouchEvent方法就调用了onInterceptTouchEvent方法判断是否拦截事件(默认返回false,不拦截),事件是否意外中断(cancle),默认不拦截(如果要拦截,要手动重写onInterceptTouchEvent方法,通常在自定义控件时我们会这么做),继续向下下发;如果拦截,则会调用ViewGroup父类View的dispatchTouchEvent,内部会判断状态,最终会执行performClick()方法,其内部又会执行onClick()方法。
那么事件是如何确定目标View的呢?接着看源码:
可以看到,代码中倒序遍历了该ViewGroup下的View数组,并通过frame.contains()方法来判断触摸点位置坐标是否存在有该ViewGroup内的View,如果存在,则会调用child.dispatchTouchEvent()方法,进入View的内部进行事件的分发处理;如果不存在,则返回false,则会回到activity的onTouchEvent()方法,由activity去处理事件。

至此,ViewGroup的分发流程分析 完成

android5.0以后的ViewGroup中的diapatchTouchEvent方法源码比5.0的复杂很多,增加了很多状态判断以及封装,但是主体流程是一样的。Android9.0中,ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法将ViewGroup拦截事件后的处理封装在这个方法里:

···
//ViewGroup拦截事件,处理流程从这里进入
 if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
···

dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法源码:

 /**
     * Transforms a motion event into the coordinate space of a particular child view,
     * filters out irrelevant pointer ids, and overrides its action if necessary.
     * If child is null, assumes the MotionEvent will be sent to this ViewGroup instead.
     */
    private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
            View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
        final boolean handled;

        // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don't need to perform any transformations
        // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
        final int oldAction = event.getAction();
        if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
            event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            if (child == null) {
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            } else {
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            }
            event.setAction(oldAction);
            return handled;
        }

        // Calculate the number of pointers to deliver.
        final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits();
        final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits;

        // If for some reason we ended up in an inconsistent state where it looks like we
        // might produce a motion event with no pointers in it, then drop the event.
        if (newPointerIdBits == 0) {
            return false;
        }

        // If the number of pointers is the same and we don't need to perform any fancy
        // irreversible transformations, then we can reuse the motion event for this
        // dispatch as long as we are careful to revert any changes we make.
        // Otherwise we need to make a copy.
        final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
        if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
            if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                if (child == null) {
                    handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                } else {
                    final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                    final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                    event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);

                    handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);

                    event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY);
                }
                return handled;
            }
            transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
        } else {
            transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
        }

        // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
        if (child == null) {
            handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        } else {
            final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
            final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
            transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
            if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
            }

            handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        }

        // Done.
        transformedEvent.recycle();
        return handled;
    }

而ViewGroup dispatchTouchEvent()方法中往下分发进入View的部分封装在这个方法:

···
 resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                if (preorderedList != null) {
                                    // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                    for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {
                                        if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {
                                            mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
···

dispatchTransformedTouchEvent()方法的源码:

   /**
     * Transforms a motion event into the coordinate space of a particular child view,
     * filters out irrelevant pointer ids, and overrides its action if necessary.
     * If child is null, assumes the MotionEvent will be sent to this ViewGroup instead.
     */
    private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
            View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
        final boolean handled;

        // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don't need to perform any transformations
        // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
        final int oldAction = event.getAction();
        if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
            event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            if (child == null) {
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            } else {
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            }
            event.setAction(oldAction);
            return handled;
        }

        // Calculate the number of pointers to deliver.
        final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits();
        final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits;

        // If for some reason we ended up in an inconsistent state where it looks like we
        // might produce a motion event with no pointers in it, then drop the event.
        if (newPointerIdBits == 0) {
            return false;
        }

        // If the number of pointers is the same and we don't need to perform any fancy
        // irreversible transformations, then we can reuse the motion event for this
        // dispatch as long as we are careful to revert any changes we make.
        // Otherwise we need to make a copy.
        final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
        if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
            if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                if (child == null) {
                    handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                } else {
                    final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                    final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                    event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);

                    handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);

                    event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY);
                }
                return handled;
            }
            transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
        } else {
            transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
        }

        // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
        if (child == null) {
            handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        } else {
            final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
            final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
            transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
            if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
            }

            handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        }

        // Done.
        transformedEvent.recycle();
        return handled;
    }
View内部的分析

从ViewGroup里边获知,View的事件分发是从dispatchTouchEvent()方法开始的:
源码如下(Android5.0):

/**
  * 源码分析:View.dispatchTouchEvent()
  */
  public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {  

        if (mOnTouchListener != null && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED &&  
                mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {  
            return true;  
        } 
        return onTouchEvent(event);  
  }
  // 说明:只有以下3个条件都为真,dispatchTouchEvent()才返回true;否则执行onTouchEvent()
  //     1. mOnTouchListener != null
  //     2. (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
  //     3. mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)
  // 下面对这3个条件逐个分析


/**
  * 条件1:mOnTouchListener != null
  * 说明:mOnTouchListener变量在View.setOnTouchListener()方法里赋值
  */
  public void setOnTouchListener(OnTouchListener l) { 

    mOnTouchListener = l;  
    // 即只要我们给控件注册了Touch事件,mOnTouchListener就一定被赋值(不为空)
        
} 

/**
  * 条件2:(mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
  * 说明:
  *     a. 该条件是判断当前点击的控件是否enable
  *     b. 由于很多View默认enable,故该条件恒定为true
  */

/**
  * 条件3:mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)
  * 说明:即 回调控件注册Touch事件时的onTouch();需手动复写设置,具体如下(以按钮Button为例)
  */
    button.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() {  
        @Override  
        public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {  
     
            return false;  
        }  
    });
    // 若在onTouch()返回true,就会让上述三个条件全部成立,从而使得View.dispatchTouchEvent()直接返回true,事件分发结束
    // 若在onTouch()返回false,就会使得上述三个条件不全部成立,从而使得View.dispatchTouchEvent()中跳出If,执行onTouchEvent(event)

onTouchEvent(event)的源码分析

/**
  * 源码分析:View.onTouchEvent()
  */
  public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {  
    final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;  

    if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {  
         
        return (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||  
                (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE));  
    }  
    if (mTouchDelegate != null) {  
        if (mTouchDelegate.onTouchEvent(event)) {  
            return true;  
        }  
    }  

    // 若该控件可点击,则进入switch判断中
    if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||  
            (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)) {  

                switch (event.getAction()) { 

                    // a. 若当前的事件 = 抬起View(主要分析)
                    case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:  
                        boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PREPRESSED) != 0;  

                            ...// 经过种种判断,此处省略

                            // 执行performClick() ->>分析1
                            performClick();  
                            break;  

                    // b. 若当前的事件 = 按下View
                    case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:  
                        if (mPendingCheckForTap == null) {  
                            mPendingCheckForTap = new CheckForTap();  
                        }  
                        mPrivateFlags |= PREPRESSED;  
                        mHasPerformedLongPress = false;  
                        postDelayed(mPendingCheckForTap, ViewConfiguration.getTapTimeout());  
                        break;  

                    // c. 若当前的事件 = 结束事件(非人为原因)
                    case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL:  
                        mPrivateFlags &= ~PRESSED;  
                        refreshDrawableState();  
                        removeTapCallback();  
                        break;

                    // d. 若当前的事件 = 滑动View
                    case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:  
                        final int x = (int) event.getX();  
                        final int y = (int) event.getY();  
        
                        int slop = mTouchSlop;  
                        if ((x < 0 - slop) || (x >= getWidth() + slop) ||  
                                (y < 0 - slop) || (y >= getHeight() + slop)) {  
                            // Outside button  
                            removeTapCallback();  
                            if ((mPrivateFlags & PRESSED) != 0) {  
                                // Remove any future long press/tap checks  
                                removeLongPressCallback();  
                                // Need to switch from pressed to not pressed  
                                mPrivateFlags &= ~PRESSED;  
                                refreshDrawableState();  
                            }  
                        }  
                        break;  
                }  
                // 若该控件可点击,就一定返回true
                return true;  
            }  
             // 若该控件不可点击,就一定返回false
            return false;  
        }

/**
  * 分析1:performClick()
  */  
    public boolean performClick() {  

        if (mOnClickListener != null) {  
            playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);  
            mOnClickListener.onClick(this);  
            return true;  
            // 只要我们通过setOnClickListener()为控件View注册1个点击事件
            // 那么就会给mOnClickListener变量赋值(即不为空)
            // 则会往下回调onClick() & performClick()返回true
        }  
        return false;  
    }  

进入dispatchTouchEvent()方法后,会判断mOnTouchListener != null,是否可点击,以及是否注册了touch事件的onTouch()方法,如果这三个条件都成立,则返回true,事件分发结束。
否则,将执行onTouchEvent(event)方法,则会判断相应的事件状态和View的状态。如果事件不意外中断,则最后的事件状态一定是MotionEvent.ACTION_UP,进而会执行performClick()方法,在performClick()方法里边会执行onClick()方法。

 public boolean performClick() {
        // We still need to call this method to handle the cases where performClick() was called
        // externally, instead of through performClickInternal()
        notifyAutofillManagerOnClick();

        final boolean result;
        final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {
            playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);
            li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);
            result = true;
        } else {
            result = false;
        }

        sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);

        notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);

        return result;
    }

至此,View的事件分发分析完毕!

总结一下流程:事件分发从Activity开始,调用DecorView的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,从而进入ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,在ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法中会判断是否拦截,如果拦截,则会调用ViewGroup父类View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,在View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法中会判断mOnTouchListener是否为null,view是否可点击,mOnTouchListener.onTouch()方法是否重写,如果条件成立则返回true分发事件到此结束,否则执行onTouchEvent(event)方法,这个方法中会判断的MotionEvent的状态,正常情况下MotionEvent的最后一个状态时Action_Up,此时会触发performClick()方法,在performClick()方法中会执行onClick()并返回true事件分发到此结束。从Activity开始下发,还有种情况是当ViewGroup和View都不接收touch事件,就会返回false到activity,此时会执行activity的onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)方法,在activity的onTouchEvent()方法中会调用shouldCloseTouch()方法,而在shouldCloseTouch()方法中又会调用isOutOfBounds()方法判断touch事件是否在边界外,如果在边界外则消费事件并返回true,否则返回false。
这就是Android的事件分发流程,至此分析结束!当然,要实现自己的自定义控件需要在实践中更深一步的理解(结合实例)。

参考博文并推荐:(感谢各位同仁的互联网分享精神)
通俗易懂的博文
https://www.cnblogs.com/fuly550871915/p/4983682.html
全面细致的博文
https://www.jianshu.com/p/38015afcdb58

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