上句见：Day89
The Story of Philosophy的第90句：第1章Plato第1节The Context of Plato第8段第3句：

During the great generation-long Peloponnesian war (430-400 B.C.), in which the military power of Sparta fought and at last defeated the naval power of Athens, the Athenian oligarchic party, led by Critias, advocated the abandonment of democracy on the score of its inefficiency in war, and secretly lauded the aristocratic government of Sparta. Many of the oligarchic leaders were exiled: but when at last Athens surrendered, one of the peace conditions imposed by Sparta was the recall of these exiled aristocrats. They had hardly returned when, with Critias at their head, they declared a rich man’s revolution against the “democratic” party that had ruled during the disastrous war. The revolution failed, and Critias was killed on the field of battle.
浙江大学译本：他们一回来，即以赛提亚为首宣布开展一场富人革命，反对在这场灾难性战争中执政的“民主”政党。

解析

这句描述了古希腊的一次政变事件：寡头政党发动政变，结果失败了。
1、 They had hardly returned when,
时间：一被召回。
Hardly... when….表示“刚……就……”。
Ab Russell was in his lot, but I didn't bother to ask him and I hadn't got out of sight of his barn hardly when I saw the ford.Ab Russell 在他的圈子里， 但我懒得问他， 当我看到福特时， 我几乎没有离开他的谷仓。

2、** with Critias at their head, they declared a rich man’s revolution against the “democratic” party**
富人革命：由Critias领导，目的为了推翻“民主”党派

3、that had ruled during the disastrous war.
“民主”党派：对雅典来说，伯罗奔尼撒战争是灾难性的战争。而“民主”党派被寡头政党指责为罪魁祸手。

他们一回来，就在克里提亚斯为首展开了一场富人革命，反对在这场灾难性战争中执政的“民主”政党。