常用的动词

以下是 小学至初中阶段最常用 的英语动词（包括规则与不规则动词）的 动词原形（Base Form）、过去式（Past Tense）、过去分词（Past Participle），并附带 中文注释，方便记忆和使用。

✅ 一、规则动词（加 -ed）
原形  过去式 过去分词    中文意思
play    played  played  玩，演奏
watch   watched watched 观看
listen  listened    listened    听
clean   cleaned cleaned 打扫
open    opened  opened  打开
close   closed  closed  关闭
help    helped  helped  帮助
live    lived   lived   居住；生活
call    called  called  打电话；称呼
ask asked   asked   问
look    looked  looked  看
cook    cooked  cooked  做饭
want    wanted  wanted  想要
need    needed  needed  需要
work    worked  worked  工作
start   started started 开始
visit   visited visited 参观，拜访
study   studied studied 学习（辅音+y → ied）
carry   carried carried 携带（同上）
📝 规则：一般直接加 -ed；以 e 结尾 加 -d；以“辅音+y”结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed。

✅ 二、高频不规则动词（必须记忆）
原形  过去式 过去分词    中文意思
be (am/is/are)  was/were    been    是
have    had had 有；吃（have breakfast）
do  did done    做
go  went    gone    去
say said    said    说
see saw seen    看见
come    came    come    来
take    took    taken   拿走，带走
get got got/gotten  得到（英式 got / 美式 gotten）
make    made    made    制作，使
know    knew    known   知道
think   thought thought 想，认为
give    gave    given   给
find    found   found   找到
tell    told    told    告诉
become  became  become  成为
leave   left    left    离开
feel    felt    felt    感觉
put put put 放
bring   brought brought 带来
begin   began   begun   开始
keep    kept    kept    保持
hold    held    held    握住，举行
write   wrote   written 写
stand   stood   stood   站立
hear    heard   heard   听见
let let let 让
mean    meant   meant   意思是
set set set 设置，放
meet    met met 遇见
run ran run 跑
pay paid    paid    付钱
sit sat sat 坐
speak   spoke   spoken  说话
lie（躺）  lay lain    躺
win won won 赢
lose    lost    lost    丢失，输
teach   taught  taught  教
catch   caught  caught  抓住
buy bought  bought  买
fight   fought  fought  打架，战斗
send    sent    sent    发送
build   built   built   建造
lend    lent    lent    借出
spend   spent   spent   花费（时间/钱）
sleep   slept   slept   睡觉
smell   smelled/smelt   smelled/smelt   闻
shine   shone/shined    shone/shined    发光，照耀
show    showed  shown/showed    展示
wear    wore    worn    穿（衣服）
break   broke   broken  打破
choose  chose   chosen  选择
drive   drove   driven  驾驶
eat ate eaten   吃
fall    fell    fallen  落下
fly flew    flown   飞
forget  forgot  forgotten   忘记
grow    grew    grown   生长
hide    hid hidden  躲藏
ride    rode    ridden  骑（马/车）
ring    rang    rung    （铃）响；打电话
rise    rose    risen   升起（不及物）
shake   shook   shaken  摇动
sing    sang    sung    唱歌
sink    sank    sunk    下沉
swim    swam    swum    游泳
throw   threw   thrown  扔
wake    woke    woken   醒来
withdraw    withdrew    withdrawn   撤回，取款
🔑 三、记忆小技巧
AAA 型（三同）：
put – put – put
cut – cut – cut
hit – hit – hit
let – let – let
ABA 型（过去式同原形）：
become – became – become
run – ran – run
ABB 型（过去式 = 过去分词）：
bring – brought – brought
buy – bought – bought
catch – caught – caught
teach – taught – taught
ABC 型（三者都不同）：
go – went – gone
see – saw – seen
write – wrote – written
speak – spoke – spoken
💡 使用场景提示
过去式：用于一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。
She went to school yesterday.

过去分词：用于完成时（have/has/had + 过去分词）和被动语态（be + 过去分词）。
I have eaten lunch.（现在完成时）

The book was written by him.（被动语态）