Python&Selenium 关键字驱动测试框架之数据文件解析

作者: A丶咔咔 | 来源:发表于2020-07-23 15:58 被阅读0次

Python&Selenium 关键字驱动测试框架之数据文件解析
什么是关键字驱动框架(自动化测试)
自动化测试框架之RobotFramework关键字编写
Selenium自动化测试框架和个人见解
Robotframework 接口自动化测试
Selenium Web Driver自动化测试(java版)系
Rorotframework简介
【selenium】unittest关键字驱动测试KDT
自动化测试-混合驱动模型的自我理解
Selenium Web Driver自动化测试(java版)系

摘要：在关键字驱动测试框架中，除了PO模式以及一些常规Action的封装外，一个很重要的内容就是读写EXCEL，在团队中如何让不会写代码的人也可以进行自动化测试？我们可以将自动化测试用例按一定的规格写到EXCEL中去（如下图所示）

然后通过代码实现对具备这种规格的EXCEL进行解析，让你的代码获取EXCEL中的步骤，关键字，页面元素定位，操作方式，最后在写入执行结果，附上异常截图即可；团队中不会写代码的人居多，改改Excel执行也可以实现自动化测试

此处在初始化类的时候定义了两个颜色放进字典中，之后会当做参数传给写EXCEL的函数，当测试用例执行通过用绿色字体标注pass，当执行失败的时候用红色字体标注failed

具体实现代码如下

# 用于实现读取Excel数据文件代码封装

# encoding = utf-8

"""

__project__ = 'KeyDri'

__author__ = 'davieyang'

__mtime__ = '2018/4/21'

"""

import openpyxl

from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, Font

import time

class ParseExcel(object):

def __init__(self):

self.workBook = None

self.excelFile = None

self.font = Font(color=None)

self.RGBDict = {'red': 'FFFF3030', 'green': 'FF008B00'}

def loadWorkBook(self, excelPathAndName):

# 将Excel加载到内存，并获取其workbook对象

try:

self.workBook = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelPathAndName)

except Exception as e:

raise e

self.excelFile = excelPathAndName

return self.workBook

def getSheetByName(self, sheetName):

# 根据sheet名获取该sheet对象

try:

# sheet = self.workBook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName)

sheet = self.workBook[sheetName]

return sheet

except Exception as e:

raise e

def getSheetByIndex(self, sheetIndex):

# 根据sheet的索引号获取该sheet对象

try:

# sheetname = self.workBook.get_sheet_names()[sheetIndex]

sheetname = self.workBook.sheetnames[sheetIndex]

except Exception as e:

raise e

# sheet = self.workBook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetname)

sheet = self.workBook[sheetname]

return sheet

def getRowsNumber(self, sheet):

# 获取sheet中有数据区域的结束行号

return sheet.max_row

def getColsNumber(self, sheet):

# 获取sheet中有数据区域的结束列号

return sheet.max_column

def getStartRowNumber(self, sheet):

# 获取sheet中有数据区域的开始的行号

return sheet.min_row

def getStartColNumber(self, sheet):

# 获取sheet中有数据区域的开始的列号

return sheet.min_column

def getRow(self, sheet, rowNo):

# 获取sheet中某一行，返回的是这一行所有数据内容组成的tuple

# 下标从1开始，sheet.rows[1]表示第一行

try:

# return sheet.rows[rowNo - 1] 因为sheet.rows是生成器类型，不能使用索引

# 转换成list之后再使用索引，list(sheet.rows)[2]这样就获取到第二行的tuple对象。

return list(sheet.rows)[rowNo - 1]

except Exception as e:

raise e

def getCol(self, sheet, colNo):

# 获取sheet中某一列，返回的是这一列所有数据内容组成的tuple

# 下标从1开始，sheet.columns[1]表示第一列

try:

return list(sheet.columns)[colNo - 1]

except Exception as e:

raise e

def getCellOfValue(self, sheet, coordinate = None, rowNo = None, colNo = None):

# 根据单元格所在的位置索引获取该单元格中的值，下标从1开始

# sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1).value，表示excel中的第一行第一列的值

if coordinate is not None:

try:

return sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).value

except Exception as e:

raise e

elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:

try:

return sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo).value

except Exception as e:

raise e

else:

raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell!")

def getCellOfObject(self, sheet, coordinate = None, rowNo = None, colNo = None):

# 获取某个单元格对象，可以根据单元格所在的位置的数字索引，也可以直接根据Excel中单元格的编码及坐标

# 如getCellOfObject(sheet, coordinate='A1) or getCellOfObject(sheet, rowNo = 1, colNo = 2)

if coordinate is not None:

try:

return sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate)

except Exception as e:

raise e

elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:

try:

return sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo)

except Exception as e:

raise e

else:

raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell!")

def writeCell(self, sheet, content, coordinate = None, rowNo = None, colNo = None, style=None):

# 根据单元格在Excel中的编码坐标或者数字索引坐标向单元格中写入数据，下标从1开始

# 参数style表示字体的颜色的名字，如red，green

if coordinate is not None:

try:

sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).value = content

if style is not None:

sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).font = Font(color=self.RGBDict[style])

self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)

except Exception as e:

raise e

elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:

try:

sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo).value = content

if style is not None:

sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo).font = Font(color=self.RGBDict[style])

self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)

except Exception as e:

raise e

else:

raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of cell!")

def writeCellCurrentTime(self, sheet, coordinate = None, rowNo = None, colNo = None):

# 写入当前时间，下标从1开始

now = int(time.time()) # 显示为时间戳

timeArray = time.localtime(now)

currentTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", timeArray)

if coordinate is not None:

try:

sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).value = currentTime

self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)

except Exception as e:

raise e

elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:

try:

sheet.cell(row=rowNo, column=colNo).value = currentTime

self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)

except Exception as e:

raise e

if __name__ == "__main__":

from Configurations.VarConfig import dataFilePath163

pe = ParseExcel()

pe.loadWorkBook(dataFilePath163)

print("通过名称获取sheet对象名字：")

pe.getSheetByName(u"联系人")

print("通过Index序号获取sheet对象的名字")

pe.getSheetByIndex(0)

sheet = pe.getSheetByIndex(0)

print(type(sheet))

print(pe.getRowsNumber(sheet))

print(pe.getColsNumber(sheet))

cols = pe.getCol(sheet, 1)

for i in cols:

print(i.value)

# 获取第一行第一列单元格内容

print(pe.getCellOfValue(sheet, rowNo=1, colNo=1))

pe.writeCell(sheet, u'中国北京', rowNo=11, colNo=11, style='red')

pe.writeCellCurrentTime(sheet, rowNo=10, colNo=11)

那么我们的测试数据除了放在Excel中，还可以存储在XML里，然后关键字驱动框架中提供解析XML的API

# encoding = utf-8

"""

__title__ = ''

__author__ = 'davieyang'

__mtime__ = '2018/4/21'

"""

from xml.etree import ElementTree

class ParseXML(object):

def __init__(self, xmlPath):

self.xmlPath = xmlPath

def getRoot(self):

# 打开将要解析的XML文件

tree = ElementTree.parse(self.xmlPath)

# 获取XML文件的根节点对象，然后返回给调用者

return tree.getroot()

def findNodeByName(self, parentNode, nodeName):

# 通过节点的名字获取节点对象

nodes = parentNode.findall(nodeName)

return nodes

def getNodeofChildText(self, node):

# 获取节点node下所有子节点的节点名作为key，本节点作为value组成的字典对象

childrenTextDict = {i.tag: i.text for i in list(node.iter())[1:]}

# 上面代码等价于

'''

childrenTextDict = {}

for i in list(node.iter())[1:]:

fhildrenTextDict[i.tag] = i.text

'''

return childrenTextDict

def getDataFromXml(self):

# 获取XML文档的根节点对象

root = self.getRoot()

# 获取根节点下所有名为book的节点对象

books = self.findNodeByName(root, "book")

dataList = []

# 遍历获取到的所有book节点对象

# 取得需要的测试数据

for book in books:

childrenText = self.getNodeofChildText(book)

dataList.append(childrenText)

return dataList

if __name__ == "__main__":

xml = ParseXML(r"F:\seleniumWithPython\TestData\TestData.xml")

datas = xml.getDataFromXml()

for i in datas:

print(i["name"], i["author"])