Day1-2
Beauty and the Beast
Phil Donahue
1. Someone referred to us the “superdeluxe model”
deluxe
Deluxe goods or services are better in quality and more expensive than ordinary ones.
...a rare, highly prized deluxe wine.
...exclusive fashion de luxe for the businesswoman.
ADJ: ADJ n, n ADJ (BRIT) also de luxe
= luxury
2. All this is in a relatively small and attractive package.
3. we’ve invented the wheel, the alphabet, the clock, the reciprocating machine, the cyclotron, and everything in between.
reciprocatingadj. moving alternately backward and forward
cyclotron[ˈsaɪklətrɔn]n. 〈物〉回旋加速器
in betweenbetween the two times mentioned:
I have breakfast at 7.30, lunch at 1 o'clock and sometimes a snack in between.
4. When we weren’t busy making progress, we invented more playful things like music, art, baseball, and bridge.
playfulfond of playing; full of fun 爱玩的; 爱游戏的; 有趣的
5. we get together in twosto discover love.
6. We’ve also shown a lot of individual spunk.
spunk/ spʌŋk; spʌŋk/n[U] (dated infml旧, 口) courage; spirit 勇气; 胆量; 活力.
7. Even Charles Lindbergh had a ground crew.
背景补充：Charles Augustus Lindberghwas an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as aU.S. Air Mailpilot to instantaneous world fame by making hisOrteig Prize–winning nonstop flight fromLong Island,New York, toParis. This was the first solotransatlantic flight, and the first non-stop flight between North America and mainland Europe.
8. Beethoven composed the Ninth Symphony in the solitude of deafness, but scores of musicians are needed to bring it to life.
solitude
/ ˈsɔlɪtjuːd; US -tuːd; ˋsɑləˏtud/n[U] (state or quality of) being alone without companions; solitary state 孤单; 独居:not fond of solitude不喜欢孤身一人
9.Neil Armstrong had to have personal courage to step out on the surface of the moon, knowing that he might sink into 15 feet of “moondust,” but he had an army of people to help him there and bring him back.
背景补充：A Fall of Moondustis ahard science fictionnovel byArthur C. Clarke,
Plot: By the 21st century, theMoonhas been colonized, and although still very much a research establishment, it is visited by tourists who can afford the trip. One of its attractions is acruiseacross one of thelunar seas, named theSea of Thirst, (located within theSinus Roris) filled with an extremely finedust, a fine powder far drier than the contents of a terrestrial desert and which almost flows like water, instead of the commonregolithwhich covers most of the lunar surface.
10. look back at the earth, suspended like a blue-and-white marble in space
marble/ ˈmɑːbl; ˋmɑrbl/n
[U] type of hard limestone used, when cut and polished, for building and sculpture 大理石:a slab of unpolished marble未经打磨的大理石板 *These steps are made of marble.这些台阶是大理石的. * [attrib作定语]a marble statue, tomb, etc大理石的雕像﹑墓等.
marbles[pl] collection of marble sculptures; works of art in marble 大理石雕刻品; 大理石艺术品.
11. That feeling itself - the tightening in the throat, the tingle up the spine, the tear of pride-is unique to the human animal.
tingle/ˈtɪŋgl; ˋtɪŋɡl/v(a) [I, Ipr]~ (with sth)have a slight pricking, stinging or throbbing feeling in the skin
12. Throughout most of our history, that feeling belonged exclusively to religion. When most people’s lives were “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,” religion was the only thing that made them feel dignified, special, and proud of being human.
nasty/ ˈnɑːstɪ; US ˈnæ-; ˋnæstɪ/adj(-ier,-iest)
unpleasant; disgusting 令人不愉快的; 令人厌恶的
brutish
If you describe a person or their behaviour as brutish, you think that they are brutal and uncivilised.
dignified
If you say that someone or something is dignified, you mean they are calm, impressive and deserve respect.
13. The peasants who gazed for the first time at the stained glass in the cathedral at Chartres undoubtedly experienced that same feeling-the most human of emotions-wonder.
peasant[ˈpezənt]农民；农夫；未受教育的人；没有礼貌的人
背景补充：Chartres Cathedral, also known as theCathedral of Our Lady of Chartres(French:Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), is aGothic（哥特的）Catholiccathedral of theLatin Churchlocated inChartres, France, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Paris. The current cathedral, mostly constructed between 1194 and 1220, is the last of at least five which have occupied the site since the town became abishopric（主教的管区） in the 4th century.
It is designated aWorld Heritage Siteby UNESCO, which calls it "the high point ofFrench Gothic art" and a "masterpiece".[3]
The cathedral has been well preserved. The majority of the original stained glass windows survive intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century. The building's exterior is dominated by heavyflying buttresses（拱扶垛） which allowed the architects to increase the window size significantly, while the west end is dominated by two contrasting spires – a 105-metre (349 ft) plain pyramid completed around 1160 and a 113-metre (377 ft) early 16th-centuryFlamboyantspire on top of an older tower. Equally notable are the three great façades, each adorned with hundreds of sculpted figures illustrating key theological themes and narratives.
14. Most of them had never been inside anything bigger than a thatched hut and never seen anything more colorful than a piece of dyed cloth.
thatch[θætʃ]茅草屋顶；盖住头顶的蓬乱头发
15. Even today, the sight of this huge, arched space with those luminous windows suspended high in the darkness is almost enough to make a believer of even the most skeptical.
luminous
giving out light; bright 发光的; 光亮的:luminous paint, ie paint that glows in the dark, used on watches, clocks, etc发光涂料（在暗中可见, 用於钟表等）.
16. In 1260, when the church was consecrated, the peasants who shuffled through those doors must have thought they had died and gone to heaven.
consecrate奉为神圣
shuffle/ ˈʃʌfl; ˋʃʌfl/v
(a) [I, Ipr, Ip] walk without lifting the feet completely clear of the ground 拖着脚步走:Walk properly don't shuffle.好好走路--脚别蹭地. *The prisoners shuffled along the corridor and into their cells.囚犯们沿着走廊拖着脚步进入牢房. *
17. In fact, Chartres cathedral, like dozens of other cathedrals built in the same period, is the medieval equivalent of the modern effort to put a man on the moon.
medieval/ ˏmedɪˈiːvl; US ˏmiːd-, also mɪˈdiːvl; ˏmidɪˋivl/adjof the Middle Ages, about AD 1100-1400 中古的, 中世纪的
18. The space program would never have gotten off the ground if Wernher von Braun hadn’t made his discoveries in the field of jet propulsion, and the arches of Chartres would never have soared if an anonymous French architect hadn’t devised a system of buttresses to support a two-ton block of stone 120 feet in the air and keep it there for a thousand years.
get off the groundv. get started or set in motion, used figuratively;
propulsion/ prəˈpʌlʃn; prəˋpʌlʃən/n[U] driving (sth) forward or being driven forward 推进:changes in the fuel used for propulsion用以产生推进力的燃料之改变 *jet propulsion, ie by means of jet engines 喷气推进（使用喷气式发动机）.
背景补充：Wernher von Braun：韦纳·冯·布劳恩1912年出生于德国。第二次世界大战期间，他是德国著名的火箭专家，对V-1和V-2火箭的诞生起了关键性作用。大战结束之际，布劳恩及其科研班子投降美国，1955年他加入美国国籍。布劳恩继续在美国从事火箭、导弹和航天研究，曾获得一系列勋章、奖章和荣誉头衔。1969年，他领导研制的“土星”5号运载火箭，将第一艘载人登月飞船“阿波罗11号”送上了月球。1981年4月首次试飞成功的航天飞机，当初也是在布劳恩手里发明的。因此，他被称誉为“现代航天之父”。
19. But there would have been no stones to support if the wealthier townspeople hadn’t dug deep into their pockets and come up with the money needed for construction.
Dug: dig
come up with：If you come up with a sum of money, you manage to produce it when it is needed.
20. The glass in the openings would be clear instead of stained if merchant guilds, members of the nobility, and even the French king hadn’t contribute money for the windows.
guild/ gɪld; ɡɪld/n[CGp] society of people with similar interests and aims, esp one of the associations of craftsmen or merchants in the Middle Ages 协会; 行会; （尤指中世纪的）基尔特:the guild of barber-surgeons理发师--外科医生同业公会 *the Townswomen's Guild城市妇女协会.
21. And all the money would have been worthless if legions of craftsmen hadn’t been willing to dedicate their skills and often their lives to making this not just another building, but a monument to human achievement.
worthless ：Something that is worthless is of no real value or use.
legion/ ˈliːdʒən; ˋlidʒən/n(a) battle unit of the ancient Roman army 古罗马军团:Caesar's legions凯撒军团. (b) special military unit, esp of volunteers serving in the army of another country 特殊军团; （尤指志愿服务於他国军队中的）外籍军团:the French Foreign Legion法国军队中的外籍军团.
22. Bees get together and build hives, termites build mounds, beavers build dams, and spiders spin webs, but what other animal can change stone and glass into poetry?
hive(a) (also`beehive) box or other container for bees to live in 蜂箱; 蜂房.
termite/ ˈtɜːmaɪt; ˋtəmaɪt/nsmall insect, found chiefly in tropical areas, that is very destructive to timber (popularly calledwhite ant, but not of the ant family) 白蚁.
mound/ maund; maʊnd/nmass of piled-up earth; small hill 小丘; 土墩; 小土岗.
beaver/ ˈbiːvə(r); ˋbivɚ/n[C] fur-coated animal with strong teeth that lives both on land and in water and gnaws down trees to build dams 海狸.
spin/ spɪn; spɪn/
[Tn] (of a spider, silkworm, etc) produce (fine silk or silk-like material) from the body in order to make (a web, cocoon, etc) （指蜘蛛等）结（网）; （指蚕等）吐丝做（茧）:spiders spinning their webs结网的蜘蛛 *silkworms spinning cocoons做茧的蚕.
23. Other animal can alter their environment at the margins, but only we can transform our environment so completely that we reshape our destiny.
24. By lavishing love on this stone and glass, they glorified God and hoped to be rewarded in the next life. But in the process, they changed this life, made it more beautiful and more worth living.
lavish：vt. （常与on连用）过分慷慨地给予；大量地乱用
glorify
(derog贬) make (sth/sb ordinary or bad) appear better or more noble than it/he really is 吹捧; 美化:a book which glorifies the horrors of war美化战争恐怖的书.
(a) (arch古) praise (sb/sth) highly; make glorious 颂扬或赞美（某人[某事物]）; 使光荣或荣耀:an ancient epic glorifying the hero's deeds in battle歌颂战斗英雄业绩的古代史诗. (b) (Bible圣经) worship (sb) 崇拜:glorify God归荣耀与上帝.
25. Certainly no other creature could conceive and create something of such sublime beauty, Case closed?
sublime/ səˈblaɪm; səˋblaɪm/adjof the greatest, most admirable kind; causing awe and reverence 伟大的;崇高的; 令人赞叹的; 令人崇敬的:sublime heroism, beauty, scenery令人叹为观止的英雄行为﹑美丽﹑景色
26. At places like Chartres, it’s easy—and tempting—to overlook this other side, the ugly side, of our nature.
temptingIf something is tempting, it makes you want to do it or have it.
27. Surely there’s beauty inside us—but there’s also a beast, a part of us that we’d like to deny but can’t, a part that gives us a knot in the stomach instead of a lump in the throat.
lump1 / lʌmp; lʌmp/nhard or compact mass, usu without a regular shape 堆, 块, 团（通常无定形）:a lump of clay一团黏土 *a sugar lump一块方糖 *
28. Even the God-loving people who fashioned the soaring vaults and delicate windows of Chartres had murder on their minds.
vault1 / vɔːlt; vɔlt/narched roof; series of arches forming a roof 拱券; 拱顶:fan vaulting, ie vaults wherethe arches have ribs, like a fan 扇形拱券. =>illus at App 1见附录1插图, page viii.
29. Some of the workers may well have been veterans of the First Crusade, an expedition to save the Holy Land from the infidel Muslims that was part religious frenzy, part military adventure, and part social fad.
背景补充：第一次十字军东征First Crusade是1096年至1099年间由西方基督教世界所发起，旨在收复在穆斯林的征服中被占领的累范特圣地的一项军事行动，最终以1099年十字军攻陷耶路撒冷收尾。1095年，教宗乌尔班二世最初为了应拜占庭皇帝阿历克塞一世的求援，而号召西方志愿军前往拜占庭帝国抵御塞尔柱人从安纳托利亚而来的入侵。后来，东征的目的逐渐演变为夺回圣地及耶路撒冷城，并将东方基督教从伊斯兰的统治者解放出来。
十字军成员主要为来自西欧各国的骑士和农民，他们跋山涉水，来到君士坦丁堡，而后又将战矛转向耶路撒冷。队伍中几乎全是落破的农民，骑士寥寥无几，而且由于他们并未受过战斗训练，因此最初农民十字军并未到达圣城。1099年，西欧各路封建领主率领的正规十字军攻陷耶路撒冷，并屠杀了城中大量的穆斯林和犹太居民。东征过程中，西方人在累范特建立了耶路撒冷王国、的黎波里伯国、安条克公国和埃德萨伯国四个十字军国家。由于十字军对耶路撒冷这座461年未在天主教控制下的圣城怀有极强的热忱，因而他们拒绝将夺取的土地归还给拜占庭帝国。至今第一次十字军东征的定位为防御性还是侵略性仍存在争议。
第一次十字军东征是基督教徒对于穆斯林的势力扩张的一次回应，其后的近两百年内，第二次东征至第九次东征纷至沓来。同时，东征也间接重开了自西罗马帝国灭亡后衰落的国际贸易。
expedition/ ˏekspɪˈdɪʃn; ˏɛkspɪˋdɪʃən/n
(a) organized journey or voyage with a particular aim （为某目的而组织的陆路或水路的）远行; 探险; 考察:send a party of people on an expedition派一队人去考察
Holy Land：圣地
infidel/ ˈɪnfɪdəl; ˋɪnfədl/n(arch derog古, 贬) person with no belief in a religion, esp in what is considered to be the true religion 不信宗教者, 无宗教信仰之人（尤指没有正统宗教信仰者）.
frenzy/ ˈfrenzɪ; ˋfrɛnzɪ/n[sing, U] state of extreme excitement; extreme and wild activity or behaviour极度激动的状态; 极度狂乱的活动或行为:in a frenzy of zeal, enthusiasm, hate, etc疯狂的激情﹑热情﹑仇恨等
fad/ fæd; fæd/nfashion, interest, preference, enthusiasm, etc that is not likely to last 流行的时尚﹑爱好﹑狂热等:Will Tom continue to collect stamps or is it only a passing fad?汤姆还在集邮呢, 还是热劲已过?
30. On that excursion, begun four years after work in Chartres began, the Crusaders slaughtered thousands of noncombatants, leveled whole communities, and finally “saved” the holy city of Jerusalem by massacring all its inhabitants-men, women, children, Muslims, Jews: everybody.
excursion/ ɪkˈskɜːʃn; US ʒn; ɪkˋskəʒən/n(a) short journey, esp one made by a group of people together for pleasure 短程旅行; 远足:go on/make a day excursion to the mountains, ie there and back in one day 到山上游玩一天
noncombatantsomeone who is not involved in fighting during a war
level3[Tnesp passive 尤用於被动语态] demolish (a building, etc) 夷平, 摧毁（建筑物等）:a town levelled by an earthquake被地震夷为平地的城市.
Jerusalem：耶路撒冷
31. After the shrines of Christianity were in “safe” hands, many Crusaders returned home and turned their attention to other things, like the cathedral at Chartres.
shrineany place that is regarded as holy because of its associations with a special person or event 神圣的地方或处所; 圣地; 圣坛; 圣祠; 神龛
32. How could the same hands that carved these stones and stained this glass have wielded swords and butchered women and children?
stain
[Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] colour (wood, fabric, etc) with a substance that penetrates the material; dye 给（木材﹑布等）染色或着色:He stained the wood dark brown.他把木头染成深褐色了.
wield/ wiːld; wild/v[Tn] hold in one's hand(s) and use (a weapon, tool, etc) 手持着使用（武器﹑工具等）:wield an axe, a sword, a tennis racket使用斧头﹑剑﹑网球拍 * (fig比喻)wield authority, control, power, etc运用权力﹑控制手段﹑权势等.
33. How could so much beauty and so much brutality exist side by side?
side by sideclosely related or associated
34. a city in which communism and democracy had to live side by side
35. We like to think that our erratic behavior is a thing of the past, that we’ve outgrown the excesses of the Crusades.
erratic/ ɪˈrætɪk; ɪˋrætɪk/adj(usuderog通常作贬义) irregular or uneven in movement, quality or behaviour; unreliable （动作﹑品质或行为）不规则的, 无常的, 不可靠的
outgrowleave (sth) behind or grow weary of (sth) as one grows older; grow out of 年长而不再要（某事物）; 长大而厌倦（某事物）:outgrow bad habits, childish interests, etc年长而放弃坏习惯﹑儿时的兴趣等
36. There are people in Belfast today who will repeat the catechism, then go toss a bomb into a crowded pub; people who grieve for the victims of crime, then pay good money to see it reenacted on a movie screen.
贝尔法斯特：英语：Belfast
catechism/ ˈkætəkɪzəm; ˋkætəˏkɪzəm/n(a) [U] summary of the principles of a religion in the form of questions and answers 教义问答. (b) [C] series of such questions, used for religious instruction 教义问答集.
toss(a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr]~ sth (to sb)throw sth lightly or carelessly or easily 扔; 抛; 掷:He tossed the book down on the table.他把书扔在桌子上. *toss sth aside/away/out把某物丢在一边[丢开/丢掉]
37. The same technological wizardry, individual bravery, and group effort that put us on the moon have also given us weapons that can blow our whole planet into permanent winter.
wizardryYou can refer to a very clever achievement or piece of work as wizardry, especially when you do not understand how it is done.
...a piece of technical wizardry.
38. then they melt for machismo and fall for the strong, silent type.
melt/ melt; mɛlt/v[I, Tn] (cause sth to) become liquid through heating （使某物）融化:The ice melted when the sun shone on it.太阳照到冰上, 冰就融化了. *
machismo/ məˈtʃɪzməu /n[U] (espderog尤作贬义) exaggerated or aggressive pride in being male （夸大的或盛气凌人的）男子气概.
fall forIf you fall for someone, you are strongly attracted to them and start loving them.
He was fantastically handsomemI just fell for him right away.
39. They want a man who will share the housework and feed the baby at three in the morning, but they live in a society in which few bosses grant time off to men who want to share parenting.
grant off ：授予
40. Cops throw drunken drivers in jail while television sells beer as though it were an American entitlement.
entitlement[U]~ (to sth) the official right to have or do sth: This may affect your entitlement to compensation
41. But there are millions of teenage drivers and thousands of cloverleaves out there, and the phone rings every day, in homes across America, and it’s the hospital calling—or the morgue.
cloverleafn. an interchange that does not require left-hand turns（道路的）苜蓿叶式立体交叉
morgue/ mɔːg; mɔrɡ/nbuilding in which dead bodies are kept before being buried or cremated; mortuary 停屍房; 陈屍所.
42. Why do we persist in the same contradictory behavior day after day, century after century, alternating between Chartres and the Crusades, between grief and gore, between moonwalks and megatons?
gore1 / gɔː(r); ɡɔr/n[U] (esprhet尤作修辞) (mainly in descriptions of fighting) thickened blood from a cut or wound （主要用於描写战斗）伤口处凝固的血, 血污
megaton/ ˈmegətʌn; ˋmɛɡəˏtʌn/nexplosive force equal to one million tons of TNT 百万吨级（相当於一百万吨黄色炸药的威力）: [attrib作定语]a one-megaton bomb百万吨级炸弹.
43. They’re for everyone who wrestles with these contradictory drives in his or her own life.
wrestle[ˈres(ə)l]与…搏斗；把…摔倒
44. The impulse that sends a society back to war, despite the knowledge that children will die and mother will grieve, is the same impulse that leads you to light up another cigarette or have “one more for road,” despite the knowledge that it may kill you.
Day3-4
导图：
神句
1. All the money would have been worthless if legions of craftsmen hadn’t been willing to dedicate their skills and often their lives to making this not just another building, but a monument to human achievement.
如果大批工匠不愿意奉献他们的工艺，有时甚至是生命，这些钱将一文不值，因为他们建造的不仅仅是一栋建筑，更是人类成就的里程碑。
示例：要不是大批工匠们愿意奉献他们的技能甚至生命来打造一座人类丰功纪念碑，而不仅仅是又一建筑，所有的钱就都毫无意义。
2. Certainly no other creature could conceive and create something of such sublime beauty. Case closed? Hardly.
很明显，没有其他生物能认知和创造如此叹为观止的美好事物。有例子反驳吗？几乎没有。
示例：故事到此结束了吗？远远没有。
Case closed本来指法庭结案，此处延伸为到此为止。
类似的表达还有close a deal：完成交易。
3. Some of the workers may well have been veterans of the First Crusade, an expedition to save the Holy Land from the infidel Muslims that was part religious frenzy, part military adventure, and part social fad.
一些工匠很可能是第一次十字军东征的退伍军人，这是一场从不信教的穆斯林手中拯救圣城的远征，而这些穆斯林人部分仇恨宗教，部分曾加入军队，部分是社会狂热分子。
示例：有些工人很可能参加过第一次十字军东征，这是一场从异教徒穆斯林手中拯救圣土的远征，
既出于宗教狂热，又属于军事冒险，还可算作是社会热潮。
Well have been里面的well非常值得关注，表示程度之高，如He is well into his 40s他已经四十好几岁了.
4. We like to think that our erratic behavior is a thing of the past, that we’ve outgrown the excesses of the Crusades. But nothing could be further from truth.
我们可能认为我们暴虐的行为已经成为历史，我们已经不会再犯十字军犯的错误。但是真相说明一切。
示例：我们倾向于认为这种疯狂行为只存在于过去，现在的我们早已进步，不会重蹈十字军东征的覆辙。但事实相去甚远。
A thing of the past:过去的事情eg. Telegraph has already become a thing of the past.
Nothing could be further from truth.非常好用的固定词组。没有什么比这更远离事实的了=与事实想去甚远。
本文一大特点是虚拟语气的大量运用：
虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，
或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
(1)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
(3)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内
容告诉你了。
神词组
1.Remarkable phenomenon值得注意的现象/了不起的现象
2.Scores of musicians/ an army of people很多人
3.How far we human have come in such a short time我们人类在如此短的时间内进步了多少/在如此短暂的时间里成就如此之多
4.The sight of …. Is almost enough to make a believer of even the most skeptical.这种现象已经足够使最怀疑的人相信/看到.....足以让最质疑的人都心悦诚服
5.Medieval equivalent of the modern effort与现代一样的中世纪的成就/现代伟绩的中世纪版本
6.Reshape our destiny重塑命运
7.Set goals/pursue goals设立目标
8.Be ashamed of …对……羞愧
9.Fall for ….爱上
10.Alternate between………的选项/在....之间交替
11.Wrestle with sth与……斗争
12.Get off the ground开始
13.Contradictory drives矛盾的冲动/相互矛盾的力量
补充阅读：on self-respect
www.jianshu.com/p/0b5c69210cd1
Day5
In my opinion, beauty and the beast are permanent part of the human condition. People are born with no kindness or brutality. It is the education that makes people become what they are after growing up. That’s why education is so important in one’s life. However, people have lust. They are always unsatisfying with what they already have. Therefore, wars start and violence persists in our society. Even though both beauty and the beast are human nature, we can do something to keep us behaving in the good manner. In summery, we choose to be what we are and self-control helps human being establish a civilized society.
Day6
复盘
这周的文章是一篇文学性的文章，与上一周的明显不同，在阅读中遇到了许多生词，笃师的建议是先抓住重点的词汇，有些词汇很少用，了解意思即可。
文学性的文章里有很多引用，自己在引用这方面知识匮乏，以后应注意积累。
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