Day 15 词汇扫盲
France's next revolution
The vote that could wreck the European Union
1.wreck
（本文解释）To wreck something means to completely destroy or ruin it.
e.gHe wrecked the garden.
A coalition could have defeated the government and wrecked the treaty.
His life has been wrecked by the tragedy.
...missed promotions, lost jobs, wrecked marriages.
Synonyms: spoil, blow [slang] , ruin, devastate
（补充）verb
If a ship is wrecked, it is damaged so much that it sinks or can no longer sail.
The ship was wrecked by an explosion.
...a wrecked cargo ship.
countable noun
A wreck is something such as a ship, car, plane, or building which has been destroyed, usually in an accident.
...the wreck of a sailing ship.
The car was a total wreck.
We thought of buying the house as a wreck, doing it up, then selling it.
Synonyms: shipwreck, derelict, hulk, sunken vessel
countable noun
A wreck is an accident in which a moving vehicle hits something and is damaged or destroyed.
[mainly US]
He was killed in a car wreck.
...the little girl that survived that plane wreck.
What would he tell his parents if he had a wreck?
REGIONAL NOTE:
in BRIT, usually use crash
Synonyms: accident, smash, pile-up [informal]
countable noun
If you say that someone is a wreck, you mean that they are very exhausted or unhealthy.
[informal]
You look a wreck.
It was embarrassing and sad to see this man reduced to a mumbling wreck.
2.far beyond its borders
3.stagnation
stagnate verb
If something such as a business or society stagnates, it stops changing or progressing.
[disapproval]
Industrial production is stagnating.
His career had stagnated.
Synonyms: vegetate, decline, deteriorate, rot
stagnation(stægneɪʃən ) uncountable noun
...the stagnation of the steel industry.
4.hallmark
countable noun
Thehallmarkof something or someone is their most typical quality or feature.
It's a technique that has become the hallmark of Amber Films.
The killing had the hallmarks of a professional assassination.
His designs show a love of simplicity which is very much his hallmark.
Synonyms: trademark, indication, badge, emblem
5.in living memory
If you say that something is, for example, the best, worst, or first thing of its kind in living memory, you are emphasizing that it is the only thing of that kind that people can remember.
[emphasis]
The floods are the worst in living memory.
No-one in living memory has come back from that place alive.
6.upheaval
countable noun
An upheaval is a big change which causes a lot of trouble, confusion, and worry.
Wherever there is political upheaval, invariably there are refugees.
Having a baby will mean the greatest upheaval in your life.
Synonyms: disturbance, revolution, disorder, turmoil
7.the Socilaist party
社会党（Parti Socialiste，简称PS）：执政党和国民议会第一大党，左翼政党。前身是1905年成立的“工人国际法国支部”，1920年发生分裂，多数派另组共产党，少数派则保留原名。1969年改组成立社会党，1971年与其他左翼组织合并，仍用现名。党员约20万人，多为公职人员和知识分子。原第一书记哈莱姆·德西尔（Harlem Désir）出任政府国务秘书后，让-克里斯托夫·冈巴德利斯（Jean-Christophe Cambadélis）于2014年4月15日当选第一书记，2015年6月连任。该党对内注意体现左翼政党色彩，主张维护劳工利益，同时采取务实的经济政策；对外主张维护法国独立核力量，推动欧洲一体化建设，并加强南北对话。2010年3月，在大区议会选举中获胜。2011年3月和9月，先后赢得省议会部分选举和参议院改选，并与其他左翼力量共同赢得参议院多数席位。2012年5月，社会党候选人奥朗德当选法国总统。2012年6月，在立法选举中获胜。2014年，在市镇选举、欧洲议会选举和参议院改选中接连失利。
8.the Republic party
共和党（Les Républicains，简称LR）：主要反对党和参议院第一大党、国民议会第二大党，属中右政党。原称人民运动联盟，2015年5月更改为现名。共和党的前身系2002年总统大选中的竞选联盟，核心为原保卫共和联盟（戴高乐党），并吸收了自由民主党和法兰西民主联盟的主要力量。党员约20万人，多为职员、官员、自由职业者、商人、农民和工人等。现任主席为前总统萨科齐，2014年11月当选。
the Fifth Republic
第五共和国
1959年1月，戴高乐总统就职，法兰西第五共和国时期开始。
9.ballot
countable noun 无记名投票
A ballot is a secret vote in which people select a candidate in an election, or express their opinion about something.
The result of the ballot will not be known for two weeks.
Fifty of its members will be elected by direct ballot.
Synonyms: vote, election, voting, poll
10.insurgent
countable noun
Insurgents are people who are fighting against the government or army of their own country.
[formal]
By early yesterday, the insurgents had taken control of the country's main military air base.
Synonyms: rebel, revolutionary, revolter, rioter
11.charismatic
adjective 有魅力的，有感召力的
A charismatic person attracts, influences, and inspires people by their personal qualities.
...her striking looks and charismatic personality.
Synonyms: charming, appealing, attractive, influential
12.the upstart leader of a liberal movement
upstart 新起之秀
You can refer to someone as an upstart when they behave as if they are important, but you think that they are too new in a place or job to be treated as important.
13.insurgency
An insurgency is a violent attempt to oppose a country's government carried out by citizens of that country.
[formal]
He has led a violent armed insurgency for 15 years.
Synonyms: rebellion, rising, revolution, resistance
14.exaggerate
verb
If you exaggerate, you indicate that something is, for example, worse or more important than it really is.
He thinks I'm exaggerating.
Don't exaggerate.
Sheila admitted that she did sometimes exaggerate the demands of her job.
exaggeration (ɪgzædʒəreɪʃən )
Word forms: plural exaggerations
variable noun
Like many stories about him, it smacks of exaggeration.
It would be an exaggeration to call the danger urgent.
Synonyms: overstatement, inflation, emphasis, excess
verb（本文解释❤）
If something exaggerates a situation, quality, or feature, it makes the situation, quality, or feature appear greater, more obvious, or more important than it really is.
These figures exaggerate the loss of competitiveness.
The dress exaggerates her wasp waist and enlarges her bosom.
15.realignment
variable noun
If a company, economy, or system goes through a realignment, it is organized or arranged in a new way.
...a realignment of the existing political structure.
Synonyms: readjustment, restructuring, shake-up, reshuffling
16.reverberation
1.countable noun
Reverberations are serious effects that follow a sudden, dramatic event.
The move by the two London colleges is sending reverberations through higher education.
2. variable noun
A reverberation is the shaking and echoing effect that you hear after a loud sound has been made.
Jason heard the reverberation of the slammed door.
Synonyms: echo, ringing, resonance, resounding
17.fuel
verb
To fuel a situation means to make it become worse or more intense.
The result will inevitably fuel speculation about the Prime Minister's future.
The economic boom was fueled by easy credit.
Synonyms: inflame, power, charge, fire
18.gloom
singular noun
The gloom is a state of near darkness.
...the gloom of a foggy November morning.
I was peering about me in the gloom.
Synonyms: darkness, dark, shadow, cloud
uncountable noun
Gloom is a feeling of sadness and lack of hope.
...the deepening gloom over the economy.
Synonyms: depression, despair, misery, sadness
19.sluggish
adjective 萧条的
You can describe something as sluggish if it moves, works, or reacts much slower than you would like or is normal.
The economy remains sluggish.
Circulation is much more sluggish in the feet than in the hands.
...the sluggish pace of reforms.
Synonyms: inactive, slow, lethargic, listless
sluggishly graded adverb
The company has responded sluggishly to these changes in technology.
sluggishness uncountable noun
...the sluggishness of Britain's economic recovery.
Synonyms: inactivity, lethargy, drowsiness, apathy
20.sap
verb （本文解释）
If something saps your strength or confidence, it gradually weakens or destroys it.
I was afraid the sickness had sapped my strength.
Analysts say the recession in Japan has sapped investor confidence.
Synonyms: weaken, drain, undermine, rob
uncountable noun
Sap is the watery liquid in plants and trees.
The leaves, bark and sap are also common ingredients of local herbal remedies.
Synonyms: juice, essence, vital fluid, secretion
countable noun
If you describe someone as a sap, you think they are foolish.
[informal , disapproval]
...her poor sap of a husband.
Synonyms: fool, jerk [slang , mainly US , Canadian] , idiot, noodle
21.vitality
uncountable noun （活力）
If you say that someone or something has vitality, you mean that they have great energy and liveliness.
Without continued learning, graduates will lose their intellectual vitality.
Mr Li said China's reforms had brought vitality to its economy.
Synonyms: energy, vivacity, sparkle, go [informal]
22.vim
noun
slang
exuberant vigour and energy
1.full of vim and vigor
精力充沛的
2.in his youth he was full of vim and vigour.
年轻时，他精力充沛，活力四射。
3.arguing with his usual vim;
以他往常的精力争辩；
4.He set to his task with renewed vim and vigour.
他再度抖擞精神， 手完成自己的工作。
23.head
verb
If someone or something heads a line or procession, they are at the front of it.
The parson, heading the procession, had just turned right towards the churchyard.
Synonyms: lead, precede, be the leader of, be or go first
verb
If something heads a list or group, it is at the top of it.
Running a business heads the list of ambitions among the 1,000 people interviewed by Good Housekeeping magazine.
Synonyms: top, lead, crown, cap
24.malaise
uncountable noun
Malaise is a state in which there is something wrong with a society or group, for which there does not seem to be a quick or easy solution.
[formal]
There is no easy short-term solution to Britain's chronic economic malaise.
Unification has brought soaring unemployment and social malaise.
uncountable noun
Malaise is a state in which people feel dissatisfied or unhappy but feel unable to change, usually because they do not know what is wrong.
[formal]
He complained of depression, headaches and malaise.
Synonyms: unease, illness, depression, anxiety
1.The strike is a symptom of wider malaise in the city.
这场罢工预示着马德里市不断加大的不安感。
《经济学人（汇总）》
2.The malaise is spreading to core countries including Finland and the Netherlands, which both contracted in the first quarter.
经济萎靡不振正逐渐扩散至核心国家，包括芬兰和荷兰，这两个国家都在第一季度经历了经济衰退。
《经济学人-综合》
3.Others think the West's true malaise is not mechanical but moral: a love of money, markets and material things.
其他人则认为西方国家并不是运转出现问题，而是道德出现问题：永无止境地追求财富，市场和物质，这才是问题。
25.rift
countable noun
A rift between people or countries is a serious quarrel or disagreement that stops them having a good relationship.
The interview reflected a growing rift between the President and the government.
He has warned that the serious rifts within the country could lead to civil war.
They hope to heal the rift with their father.
Synonyms: breach, difference, division, split
26.get to grips
If youget to gripswith a problem or if you come to grips with it, you consider it seriously, and start taking action to deal with it.
补充：If youget a gripon yourself, you make an effort to control or improve your behaviour or work.
27.pension
countable noun
Someone who has a pension receives a regular sum of money from the state or from a former employer because they have retired or because they are widowed or have a disability.
28.disastrous
1. adjective
A disastrous event has extremely bad consequences and effects.
...the recent, disastrous earthquake.
The effect on coffee prices has been disastrous for the producers.
Synonyms: terrible, devastating, tragic, fatal More Synonyms of disastrous
disastrously adverb
The vegetable harvest is disastrously behind schedule.
Their scheme went disastrously wrong.
2. adjective
If you describe something as disastrous, you mean that it was very unsuccessful.
England's cricketers have had another disastrous day.
...their disastrous performance in the general election of 1906.
29.stasis 停滞
Stasis is a state in which something remains the same, and does not change or develop.
30.bum
这里应该是指法国社会的棘手问题
1.countable noun
Someone's bum is the part of their body which they sit on.
[British , informal]
2. countable noun
A bum is a person who has no permanent home or job and who gets money by working occasionally or by asking people for money.
[US , informal]
3. countable noun
If someone refers to another person as a bum, they think that person is worthless or irresponsible.
[informal , disapproval]
You're all a bunch of bums.
Synonyms: loafer, lounger, piker [Australian , New Zealand , slang] , dodger
31.tap into
verb
If you tap a resource or situation, youmake use of itby getting from it something that you need or want.
He owes his election to having tapped deep public disillusion with professional politicians.
The company is tapping shareholders for £15.8 million.
The Campbell Soup Company says it will try to tap into Japan's rice market.
32.diagnoses
variable noun
Diagnosis is the discovery and naming of what is wrong with someone who is ill or with something that is not working properly.
I need to have a second test to confirm the diagnosis.
Symptoms may not appear for some weeks, so diagnosis can be difficult.
Synonyms: opinion, result, verdict, conclusion
33.ails
1. verb
If something ails a group or area of activity, it is a problem or source of trouble for that group or for people involved in that activity.
A full-scale debate is under way on what ails the industry.
Synonyms: trouble, worry, bother, distress More Synonyms of ail
2. verb
If something ails someone, they are ill.
[old-fashioned]
'What ails you?' he asked.
34.remedy
1. countable noun
A remedy is a successful way of dealing with a problem.
The remedy lies in the hands of the government.
...a remedy for economic ills.
Synonyms: solution, relief, redress, antidote
2. countable noun
A remedy is something that is intended to cure you when you are ill or in pain.
...natural remedies to help overcome winter infections.
Synonyms: cure, treatment, specific, medicine
35.evict
verb
If someone is evicted from the place where they are living, they are forced to leave it, usually because they have broken a law or contract.
They were evicted from their apartment after their mother became addicted to drugs.
In the first week, the city police evicted ten families.
If you don't keep up payments you could be evicted.
Synonyms: expel, remove, turn out, put out
原文：She has effectively distanced herself from her party's anti-Semitic past(even evicting her father from the party he founded)
distance 疏远
Anti-semitic
中文百科英语百科英语维基词典英语例句库
反犹太主义 Antisemitism
（重定向自Antisemitic）
反犹太主义是一种意识型态，对于对仇恨犹太人或犹太教的思想与行为的总称，在各个不同历史时期有不同的动机和表现形式。反犹太主义不仅在基督徒有，在欧洲人、亚洲人及阿拉伯人也有。
「反犹太主义」的原文（英语：Antisemitism、Anti-Semitism 或 anti-semitism）直译为反闪族主义。在字面意义上，反闪族主义是对于所有闪族的反感情绪，虽然犹太人与阿拉伯人同属闪米特人，但是这个名词在欧洲特指对于犹太人的仇恨情绪。这个名词在1873年首次在德国出现，同义词是「仇恨犹太人者」（德语：Judenhass，英语：Jew-hatred）。
36.decry
verb
If someone decries an idea or action, they criticize it strongly.
[formal]
He is impatient with those who decry the scheme.
People decried the campaign as a waste of money.
Synonyms: condemn, blame, abuse, blast
37.fomenter 挑唆者,煽动者
verb
If someone or something foments trouble or violent opposition, they cause it to develop.
[formal]
They accused strike leaders of fomenting violence.
Synonyms: stir up, raise, encourage, promote
38.perilous
Something that is perilous is very dangerous.
[literary]
...a perilous journey across the war-zone.
The road grew even steeper and more perilous.
...perilous cliffs.
Synonyms: dangerous, threatening, exposed, vulnerable
39.mosque n. 清真寺, 伊斯兰教寺院
countable noun
A mosque is a building where Muslims go to worship.
Synonyms: temple
40.stanch
verb
1.to stem the flow of (a liquid, esp blood) or (of a liquid) to stop flowing
2.to prevent the flow of a liquid, esp blood, from (a hole, wound, etc)
3. an archaic word for assuage
noun
4.a primitive form of lock in which boats are carried over shallow parts of a river in a rush of water released by the lock
41.trickle
1. verb
When a liquid trickles, or when you trickle it, it flows slowly in very small amounts.
A tear trickled down the old man's cheek.
Trickle water gently over the back of your baby's head.
The trickling stream glistened in the sunlight.
Synonyms: dribble, run, drop, stream More Synonyms of trickle
Trickle is also a noun.
There was not so much as a trickle of water.
2. verb
When people or things trickle in a particular direction, they move there slowly in small groups or amounts, rather than all together.
Some donations are already trickling in.
Trickle is also a noun.
The flood of cars has now slowed to a trickle.
A trickle of refugees began to flee the country.
42.resurrect
verb
If you resurrect something, you cause it to exist again after it had disappeared or ended.
Attempts to resurrect the ceasefire have already failed once.
Sam Torrance is the man I have to thank for resurrecting my career.
Synonyms: revive, renew, bring back, kick-start [informal]
resurrection (rezərekʃən ) uncountable noun
This is a resurrection of an old story from the mid-70s.
Synonyms: raising or rising from the dead, return from the dead, restoration to life
Synonyms: revival, restoration, renewal, resurgence
43.franc
noun
Also called :French franc
the former standard monetary unit of France, most French dependencies, Andorra, and Monaco, divided into 100 centimes; replaced by the euro in 2002
法国法郎 French franc
法国法郎（符号：₣，简写为FF或F），现已被欧元所取代。除了在法国使用，法国法郎也曾是摩纳哥和安道尔的流通货币。现在，这两个国家也都已转用欧元。因为法语的读法，书写时法郎的符号习惯放置在数字之后（如22F96）。
44.instinct
1. variable noun
Instinct is the natural tendency that a person or animal has to behave or react in a particular way.
I didn't have as strong a maternal instinct as some other mothers.
The basis for training relies on the dog's natural instinct to hunt and retrieve.
He always knew what time it was, as if by instinct.
Synonyms: natural inclination, feeling, urge, talent
2. countable noun
If you have an instinct for something, you are naturally good at it or able to do it.
Farmers are increasingly losing touch with their instinct for managing the land.
Irene is so incredibly musical and has a natural instinct to perform.
Synonyms: talent, skill, gift, capacity
3. variable noun
If it is your instinct to do something, you feel that it is right to do it.
I should've gone with my first instinct, which was not to do the interview.
She hadn't followed her instinct and because of this Frank was dead.
Synonyms: intuition, feeling, impulse, gut feeling [informal]
4. variable noun
Instinct is a feeling that you have that something is the case, rather than an opinion or idea based on facts.
There is scientific evidence to support our instinct that being surrounded by plants is good for health.
He seems so honest and genuine and my every instinct says he's not.
45.staunchly
adjective
A staunch supporter or believer is very loyal to a person, organization, or set of beliefs, and supports them strongly.
He's a staunch supporter of controls on government spending.
Synonyms: loyal, faithful, stalwart, sure
46.cumbersome
1. adjective
Something that is cumbersome is large and heavy and therefore difficult to carry, wear, or handle.
Although the machine looks cumbersome, it is actually easy to use.
...muffled up in thick and cumbersome clothing.
Synonyms: awkward, heavy, hefty [informal] , clumsy
2. adjective
A cumbersome system or process is very complicated and inefficient.
...an old and cumbersome computer system.
The proposed regulations are ill-defined and cumbersome and could be unnecessarily costly.
Synonyms: inefficient, unwieldy, badly organized
47.be short on
phrase
If someone or something is short on a particular good quality, they do not have as much of it as you think they should have.
[disapproval]
He was very short on enthusiasm.
The proposals were short on detail.
48.precise
1. adjective
You use precise to emphasize that you are referring to an exact thing, rather than something vague.
[emphasis]
I can remember the precise moment when my daughter came to see me and her new baby brother in hospital.
The precise location of the wreck was discovered in 1988.
He was not clear on the precise nature of his mission.
We will never know the precise details of his death.
Synonyms: exact, specific, actual, particular
2. adjective
Something that is precise is exact and accurate in all its details.
They speak very precise English.
He does not talk too much and what he has to say is precise and to the point.
Synonyms: strict, particular, exact, nice
49.pitch
1.countable noun
A pitch is an area of ground that is marked out and used for playing a game such as football, cricket, or hockey.
[mainly British]
There was a swimming-pool, cricket pitches, playing fields.
Their conduct both on and off the pitch was excellent.
REGIONAL NOTE:
in AM, usually use field
2. verb
If you pitch something somewhere, you throw it with quite a lot of force, usually aiming it carefully.
Simon pitched the empty bottle into the lake.
Synonyms: throw, launch, cast, toss
3. verb
To pitch somewhere means to fall forwards suddenly and with a lot of force.
The movement took him by surprise, and he pitched forward.
Alan staggered sideways, pitched head-first over the low wall and fell into the lake.
I was pitched into the water and swam ashore.
Synonyms: fall, drop, plunge, dive
4. verb
If someone is pitched into a new situation, they are suddenly forced into it.
They were being pitched into a new adventure.
This could pitch the government into confrontation with the work-force.
5. verb
In the game of baseball or rounders, when you pitch the ball, you throw it to the batter for them to hit it.
We passed long, hot afternoons pitching a baseball.
pitching uncountable noun
His pitching was a legend among major league hitters.
6. uncountable noun
The pitch of a sound is how high or low it is.
He raised his voice to an even higher pitch.
Synonyms: tone, sound, key, frequency
7. verb
If a sound is pitched at a particular level, it is produced at the level indicated.
His cry is pitched at a level that makes it impossible to ignore.
His voice was pitched high, the words muffled by his crying.
Her voice was well pitched and brisk.
8. verb
If something is pitched at a particular level or degree of difficulty, it is set at that level.
I think the material is pitched at too high a level for our purposes.
The government has pitched High Street interest rates at a new level.
Synonyms: aim, direct, design for, mean for
9. singular noun
If something such as a feeling or a situation rises to a high pitch, it rises to a high level.
I feel very sorry for the competitors who have all worked themselves up to a very high pitch for this first day.
Tension has reached such a pitch that the armed forces say soldiers may have to use their weapons to defend themselves against local people.
Synonyms: level, point, degree, summit
10. verb
If you pitch your tent, or pitch camp, you put up your tent in a place where you are going to stay.
He had pitched his tent in the yard.
At dusk we pitched camp in the middle of nowhere.
Synonyms: set up, place, station, locate
11. verb
If a boat pitches, it moves violently up and down with the movement of the waves when the sea is rough.
The ship is pitching and rolling in what looks like about fifteen-foot seas.
Synonyms: toss (about), roll, plunge, flounder
12. uncountable noun
Pitch is a black substance that is sticky when it is hot and very hard when it is dry. Pitch is used on the bottoms of boats and on the roofs of houses to prevent water getting in.
The timbers of similar houses were painted with pitch.
Synonyms: tar, asphalt, bitumen
50.hitherto
到目前为止adv
adverb
You use hitherto to indicate that something was true up until the time you are talking about, although it may no longer be the case.
[formal]
The polytechnics have hitherto been at an unfair disadvantage in competing for pupils and money.
Hitherto, the main emphasis has been on the need to resist aggression.
The helicopter is the first in the world to be designed to serve three hitherto very distinct markets.
Synonyms: previously, so far, until now, thus far
51.beleaguerverb (transitive)
1.to trouble persistently; harass
2.to lay siege to
52.trim
verb
If you trim something, for example someone's hair, you cut off small amounts of it in order to make it look neater and tidier.
My friend trims my hair every eight weeks.
Grass shears are specially made to trim grass growing in awkward places.
Synonyms: cut, crop, clip, dock
Trim is also a noun.
His hair needed a trim.
verb （本文解释）
If a government or other organization trims something such as a plan, policy, or amount, they reduce it slightly in extent or size.
American companies looked at ways they could trim these costs.
We trimmed the marketing department.
Synonyms: cut back, reduce, decrease, cut down
verb
If something such as a piece of clothing is trimmed with a type of material or design, it is decorated with it, usually along its edges.
...jackets, which are then trimmed with crocheted flowers.
I am wearing a plaid nightgown trimmed with white lace.
Synonyms: decorate, dress, array, adorn
-trimmed combining form
He wears a fur-trimmed coat.
...gold-trimmed fitted furniture.
variable noun
The trim on something such as a piece of clothing is a decoration, for example along its edges, that is in a different colour or material.
...a white satin scarf with black trim.
The saddles feature a reflective trim for night time visibility.
Synonyms: decoration, edging, border, piping
53.slash
verb（本文解释）
If you slash something, you make a long, deep cut in it.
He came within two minutes of bleeding to death after slashing his wrists.
Synonyms: cut, slit, gash, lacerate
Slash is also a noun.
Make deep slashes in the meat and push in the spice paste.
verb
If you slash at a person or thing, you quickly hit at them with something such as a knife.
He slashed at her, aiming carefully.
verb
To slash something such as costs or jobs means to reduce them by a large amount.
[journalism]
Car makers could be forced to slash prices after being accused of overcharging yesterday.
Everyone agrees that subsidies have to be slashed.
Synonyms: reduce, cut, decrease, drop
You say slash to refer to a sloping line that separates letters, words, or numbers. For example, if you are giving the number 340/2/K you say 'Three four zero, slash two, slash K.'
54.labour code（劳动法）
55.repudiation
repudiate verb
If you repudiate something or someone, you show that you strongly disagree with them and do not want to be connected with them in any way.
[formal , or written]
Leaders urged people to turn out in large numbers to repudiate the violence.
The Prime Minister has repudiated racist remarks made by a member of the Conservative Party.
repudiation (rɪpjuːdieɪʃən )
Word forms: plural repudiations
variable noun
...his public repudiation of the conference decision.
Synonyms: rejection, reversal, abandonment, disowning
56.the status quo 现状
The status quo is the state of affairs that exists at a particular time, especially in contrast to a different possible state of affairs.
By 492 votes to 391, the federation voted to maintain the status quo.
They have no wish for any change in the status quo.
We must not return to the status quo.
57.insular
adjective
If you say that someone is insular, you are being critical of them because they are unwilling to meet new people or to consider new ideas.
[disapproval]
...the old image of the insular, xenophobic Brit.
Synonyms: narrow-minded, prejudiced, provincial, closed
insularity (ɪnsjʊlærɪti , US -sə-) uncountable noun
But at least they have started to break out of their old insularity.
58.nastier
adjective
Something that isnastyis very unpleasant to see, experience, or feel.
...an extremely nasty murder.
This divorce could turn nasty.
Synonyms:unpleasant, ugly, disagreeable
nastiness uncountable noun
...the nastiness of war.
Synonyms: obscenity, porn [informal] , pornography, indecency
Synonyms: dirt, pollution, filth, squalor
Synonyms: spite, malice, venom, unpleasantness
Synonyms: unpleasantness, ugliness, offensiveness, disagreeableness
adjective
If you describe a person or their behaviour as nasty, you mean that they behave in an unkind and unpleasant way.
Whatnastylittle snobs you all are.
The guards looked reallynasty.
Mummy is so nasty to me when Daddy isn't here.
nastily adverb
She took the money and eyed me nastily.
Nikki laughed nastily.
nastiness uncountable noun
As the years went by his nastiness began to annoy his readers.
Synonyms: obscenity, porn [informal] , pornography, indecency
Synonyms: dirt, pollution, filth, squalor
Synonyms: spite, malice, venom, unpleasantness
Synonyms: unpleasantness, ugliness, offensiveness, disagreeableness
adjective
If you describe something asnasty, you mean it is unattractive, undesirable, or in bad taste.
...Emily's nasty little house in Balham.
That damned Farrel made some nasty jokes here about Mr. Lane.
adjective
A nasty problem or situation is very worrying and difficult to deal with.
A spokesman said this firm action had defused a very nasty situation.
adjective
If you describe an injury or a disease asnasty, you mean that it is serious or looks unpleasant.
My little granddaughter caught her heel in the spokes of her bicycle–it was a very nasty wound.
Lili had a nasty chest infection.
Synonyms: serious, bad, dangerous, critical
plural noun
Nasties are unpleasant or harmful people or things.
[informal]
...evil organisations, peopled with nasties.
Decaffeinated coffee still contains some stimulants and other nasties linked with cancer.
59.hefty
adjective （本文解释）
Hefty means large in size, weight, or amount.
[informal]
She was quite a hefty woman.
If he is found guilty he faces a hefty fine.
Synonyms: big, strong, massive, strapping
adjective
A hefty movement is done with a lot of force.
[informal]
Lambert gave Luckwell a hefty shove to send him on his way.
Synonyms: forceful, heavy, powerful, vigorous [slang]
60.clinch
verb
If you clinch something you are trying to achieve, such as a business deal or victory in a contest, you succeed in obtaining it.
Hibernian clinched the First Division title when they beat Hamilton 2-0.
This has fuelled speculation that he is about to clinch a deal with an American engine manufacturer.
Synonyms: secure, close, confirm, conclude
verb
The thing that clinches an uncertain matter settles it or provides a definite answer.
Evidently this information clinched the matter.
That was the clue which clinched it for us.
Synonyms: settle, decide, determine, tip the balance
61.run-off
n. (最后一次)决赛,决定性竞选
phrasal verb
If you run off with someone, you secretly go away with them in order to live with them or marry them.
The last thing I'm going to do is run off with somebody's husband.
We could run off together, but neither of us wants to live the rest of our lives abroad.
phrasal verb
If you run off copies of a piece of writing, you produce them using a machine.
If you want to run off a copy sometime today, you're welcome to.
Day16 思维导图+神句翻译
1.Stagnation, both political and economic, has been the hallmark of a countrywhere little has changed for decades, even as power has rotated between the established partiesof left and right.
政治经济的不景气已经成为了这个国家的标志，尽管权力总是在左右党之间轮换，但这种情况已经好几十年没变了。
法国过去几十年都鲜有变化，政治和经济上的停滞已经成了这个国家的典型特征，即便传统的左派和右派轮流执政也毫不起色。
注：established这个词很有意思，绝对的报刊高频词，通常表示某事/人/物已有稳固地位，比如established capitalist countries通常被翻成老牌资本主义国家。
They are an established company with a good reputation.他们是一家地位稳固，信誉良好的公司。
An established actor著名演员。
2.The implications of these insurgencies are hard to exaggerate.
对于这些叛乱的预测怎么夸张都不为过。
这些黑马带来的影响难以估量。
Infurgencies原指an attempt to take control of a country by force,此处是和老牌政党形成对比。
3.The resulting realignment will have reverberations far beyond France’s borders.It could revitalize the European Union, or wreck it.
权力的重新划分不仅是影响法国国内局势，也会是重新振兴欧盟，或者拖垮欧盟。
4.Further fueling voter’s angeris their anguish at the state of France.
更让投票民众愤怒的是法国这个国家。
法国的现状令当地选民极为苦恼，这进一步激发了他们的愤怒
5.Its vast state, which absorbs 57%of GDP, has sapped the country’s vitality.
这样的一个大国，57%的GDP都是建立在消耗国家经济活力的基础上完成的。
Sap vitality/energy/confidence:sap sth/sap sb of sth: to make sb/sth weaker; to destroy sth gradually.
The hot sun sapped our energy. Years offailure have sapped him of his confidence.
注：Vast state指政府臃肿庞大，开支惊人，中国2010年政府开支占GDP比重为22%，供参考~
6.If she pulls France out of the euro, it would trigger a financial crisis and doom a union that, for all its flaws, has promoted peace and prosperity in Europe for six decades.
如果她执意让法国脱欧，这将会引发经济危机，并且直接否定欧盟的重要性。尽管欧盟是存在一些缺点，但欧盟已经促进欧洲繁荣和平发展六十多年了。
如果她使法国退出欧元区，则会引发一场金融危机，并且将欧盟带向灭亡。尽管欧盟有各种缺陷，但在过去六十年间确实促进了欧洲的和平与繁荣发展。
神词组:
1.Uselessness and self-dealing of the ruling class 统治阶级的无用和自我处理模式
无用且假公济私的统治阶级
2.Exposed deep cultural rifts with …暴露更大的文化差异
暴露了与…的文化裂痕
Rift=division
The rift within the
party deepened.党内分歧加深了。
Efforts to heal the
rift between the two countries have failed.弥合两国间分歧的各种努力都已失败。
3.Get to grips with: 重视处理
4.Overhaul of pensions and social security 养老金和社会安全体系的大整改
Overhaul全面大修，
a radical overhaul of the tax system is necessary.有必要彻底改革税制。
5.Massive strikes: 大规模罢工
6.Tap into that frustration:
利用这种沮丧的情绪
Tap (into) sth: to make use of asource of energy, knowledge, etc. that already exists.
Eg. We need to tap the expertise of the people we already have.
7.Radically different 分歧很大
8.Call a referendum on leaving the EU 号召脱欧公投
9.Staunchly pro-trade 坚决支持贸易
embraces cultural change and technological disruption. 接受文化交流和技术带来的冲击
10.Be short on precise policies: 缺乏具体政策
11.Pitch himself as… 把自己定义为
名词：an aggressivesales pitch:强有力的推销行话
Each company was given ten minutes to make its pitch.每个公司有十分钟的时间进
行推销宣传。
动词：推销pitch sth at sb/pitch sth as sth: to aim or direct a product or service at aparticular
group of people.
Eg. The new software is being pitched atbanks.这种新软件以银行为目标市场。
Representatives went to Japan to pitchthe company’s newest products.销售代表
前往日本推销本公司的最新产品。
12.Trim the state payroll by… 削减国家员工数量。。。
13.Repudiation of the status quo 对现状的否定×
对现状的抗拒
to attract or interest sb
Eg. The design has to appeal to allages and social groups.设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
15.Hefty loan 巨额贷款
16.Suffer hacking attacks 遭受黑客攻击
17.Slash labor code: 损害劳动法×
简化劳动法（注意搭配）
18.Enact agenda:
执行计划（注意搭配）
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