哔哩哔哩上使用的极验验证码中较为简单的滑动验证码，而且并未更新到最新版本。即:未隐藏原始验证码图片。所以并未涉及到前端的一些修改。
破解过程
截取原始验证码图片 -- 截取缺口验证码图片 -- 确定移动轨迹 -- 模拟人工移动 -- 成功破解
import time
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
EMAIL = '1638327522@qq.com'
PASSWORD = '******'
BORDER = 6
INIT_LEFT = 60
# 设置无头浏览器
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
class CrackBilibili():
def __init__(self):
self.url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/login'
self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 20)
self.email = EMAIL
self.password = PASSWORD
def __del__(self):
self.browser.close()
def get_geetest_button(self):
"""
获取初始验证按钮
:return:
"""
button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.gt_slider_knob.gt_show')))
return button
def get_position(self):
"""
获取验证码位置
:return: 验证码位置元组
"""
img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.gt_cut_fullbg.gt_show')))
time.sleep(2)
location = img.location
size = img.size
top, bottom, left, right = location['y'], location['y'] + size['height'], location['x'], location['x'] + size[
'width']
return (top, bottom, left, right)
def get_screenshot(self):
"""
获取网页截图
:return: 截图对象
"""
screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot))
return screenshot
def get_slider(self):
"""
获取滑块
:return: 滑块对象
"""
slider = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.gt_slider_knob.gt_show')))
return slider
def get_geetest_image(self, name='captcha.png'):
"""
获取验证码图片
:return: 图片对象
"""
top, bottom, left, right = self.get_position()
print('验证码位置', top, bottom, left, right)
screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
captcha = screenshot.crop((left, top, right, bottom))
captcha.save(name)
return captcha
def open(self):
"""
打开网页输入用户名密码
:return: None
"""
self.browser.get(self.url)
# email = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'email')))
# password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'password')))
# email.send_keys(self.email)
# password.send_keys(self.password)
def get_gap(self, image1, image2):
"""
获取缺口偏移量
:param image1: 不带缺口图片
:param image2: 带缺口图片
:return:
"""
left = 60
for i in range(left, image1.size[0]):
for j in range(image1.size[1]):
if not self.is_pixel_equal(image1, image2, i, j):
left = i
return left
return left
def is_pixel_equal(self, image1, image2, x, y):
"""
判断两个像素是否相同
:param image1: 图片1
:param image2: 图片2
:param x: 位置x
:param y: 位置y
:return: 像素是否相同
"""
# 取两个图片的像素点
pixel1 = image1.load()[x, y]
pixel2 = image2.load()[x, y]
threshold = 60
if abs(pixel1[0] - pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1] - pixel2[1]) < threshold and abs(
pixel1[2] - pixel2[2]) < threshold:
return True
else:
return False
def get_track(self, distance):
"""
根据偏移量获取移动轨迹
:param distance: 偏移量
:return: 移动轨迹
"""
# 移动轨迹
track = []
# 当前位移
current = 0
# 减速阈值
mid = distance * 4 / 5
# 计算间隔
t = 0.2
# 初速度
v = 0
while current < distance:
if current < mid:
# 加速度为正2
a = 2
else:
# 加速度为负3
a = -3
# 初速度v0
v0 = v
# 当前速度v = v0 + at
v = v0 + a * t
# 移动距离x = v0t + 1/2 * a * t^2
move = v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t
# 当前位移
current += move
# 加入轨迹
track.append(round(move))
return track
def move_to_gap(self, slider, track):
"""
拖动滑块到缺口处
:param slider: 滑块
:param track: 轨迹
:return:
"""
ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(slider).perform()
for x in track:
ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(xoffset=x, yoffset=0).perform()
time.sleep(0.5)
ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()
def login(self):
"""
登录
:return: None
"""
submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'login-btn')))
submit.click()
time.sleep(10)
print('登录成功')
def crack(self):
# 输入用户名密码
self.open()
# 点按验证按钮
button = self.get_geetest_button()
print(button)
time.sleep(3)
ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element(button).perform()
time.sleep(3)
# 获取验证码图片
image1 = self.get_geetest_image('captcha1.png')
# 点按呼出缺口
slider = self.get_slider()
slider.click()
time.sleep(4)
# 获取带缺口的验证码图片
image2 = self.get_geetest_image('captcha2.png')
# 获取缺口位置
gap = self.get_gap(image1, image2)
print('缺口位置', gap)
# 减去缺口位移
gap -= BORDER
# 获取移动轨迹
track = self.get_track(gap)
print('滑动轨迹', track)
# 拖动滑块
self.move_to_gap(slider, track)
success = self.wait.until(
EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CLASS_NAME, 'gt_info_type'), '验证通过:'))
print(success)
# 失败后重试
if not success:
self.crack()
else:
self.login()
if __name__ == '__main__':
crack = CrackBilibili()
crack.crack()
总结：
经过多次截图发现了设置无头的另一个好处可以一定程度上解决由分辨率和浏览器本身大小所引起的一些问题。一定程度上提高破解率。
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