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iOS 蓝牙 - CoreBluetooth

iOS 蓝牙 - CoreBluetooth

作者: 搬砖的crystal | 来源:发表于2022-02-21 15:16 被阅读0次

一、简介

1.蓝牙开发关键词
  • 中心设备:就是用来扫描周围蓝牙硬件的设备,比如通过你手机的蓝牙来扫描并连接智能手环,这时候你的手机就是中心设备。
  • 外设:被扫描的设备。比如当你用手机的蓝牙扫描连接智能手环的时候,智能手环就是外设。
  • 广播:就是外设不停的散播蓝牙信号,让中心设备可以扫描到。
  • 服务(services):外设广播和运行的时候会有服务,可以理解成一个功能模块,中心设备可以读取服务。外设可以有多个服务。
  • 特征(characteristic):在服务中的一个单位,一个服务可以有多个特征,特征会有一个value,一般读写的数据就是这个value。
  • UUID:区分不同的服务和特征,可以理解为服务和特征的身份证。我们可以用UUID来挑选需要的服务和特征。

2.CoreBluetooth框架

在 CoreBluetooth 中有两个主要的部分:Central 和 Peripheral。CBPeripheralManager 作为外围设备,CBCentralManager 作为中心设备。

因为蓝牙只能支持16进制,而且每次传输只能20个字节,所以要把信息流转成双方可识别的16进制。

二、中心设备 CBCentralManager

CBCentralManager 是管理中心设备的管理类。

//设置中心设备代理
@property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBCentralManagerDelegate> delegate;
//中心设备当前状态
@property(readonly) CBCentralManagerState state;
//中心设备是否正在扫描
@property(readonly) BOOL isScanning NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0);

其中state是一个枚举,有关蓝牙是否可用的状态如下:

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBManagerState) {
    //状态未知
    CBManagerStateUnknown = 0,
    //连接断开 即将重置
    CBManagerStateResetting,
    //不支持蓝牙
    CBManagerStateUnsupported,
    //未授权蓝牙使用
    CBManagerStateUnauthorized,
    //蓝牙关闭
    CBManagerStatePoweredOff,
    //蓝牙正常开启
    CBManagerStatePoweredOn,
} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(10_13, 10_0);

初始化方法:

//设置的代理需要遵守CBCentralManagerDelegate协议
//queue可以设置蓝牙扫描的线程 传入nil则为在主线程中进行
- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBCentralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue;

//此方法同上 在options字典中用于进行一些管理中心的初始化属性设置
/*
NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionShowPowerAlertKey 对应一个NSNumber类型的bool值,用于设置是否在关闭蓝牙时弹出用户提示
NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionRestoreIdentifierKey 对应一个NSString对象,设置管理中心的标识符ID
*/
- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBCentralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;

扫描外设方法:

//serviceUUIDs用于扫描一个特点ID的外设 options用于设置一些扫描属性 键值如下
/*
//是否允许重复扫描 对应NSNumber的bool值,默认为NO,会自动去重
NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey;
//要扫描的设备UUID 数组 对应NSArray hovertree.com
NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey;
*/
- (void)scanForPeripheralsWithServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;

//停止扫描外设
- (void)stopScan;

连接方法:

//扫描到外设后,通过下面方法可以连接一个外设:
/*
//options中可以设置一些连接设备的初始属性键值如下
//对应NSNumber的bool值,设置当外设连接后是否弹出一个警告
NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnConnectionKey;
//对应NSNumber的bool值,设置当外设断开连接后是否弹出一个警告
NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey;
//对应NSNumber的bool值,设置当外设暂停连接后是否弹出一个警告 http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/
NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnNotificationKey;
*/
- (void)connectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;

//取消一个外设的连接
- (void)cancelPeripheralConnection:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;

其他方法:

//根据获取所有已知设备
- (NSArray<CBPeripheral *> *)retrievePeripheralsWithIdentifiers:(NSArray<NSUUID *> *)identifiers;

//根据服务id获取所有连接的设备
- (NSArray<CBPeripheral *> *)retrieveConnectedPeripheralsWithServices:(NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs;

代理方法:

//1.在初始化管理中心完成后,会回调代理中的如下方法,我们必须实现如下方法:
//这个方法中可以获取到管理中心的状态
- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;

//2.扫描的结果会在如下代理方法中回掉:
//peripheral 扫描到的外设
//advertisementData是外设发送的广播数据
//RSSI 是信号强度 http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;

//3.调用过连接外设的方法后,会回掉如下代理方法:
//连接外设成功
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;
//连接外设失败
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;
//断开外设连接
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;

//4.当管理中心恢复时会调用如下代理:
//dict中会传入如下键值对
/*
  //恢复连接的外设数组
  NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStatePeripheralsKey;
  //恢复连接的服务UUID数组
 NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanServicesKey;
  //恢复连接的外设扫描属性字典数组
 NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanOptionsKey;
*/
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central willRestoreState:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dict;

三、外设 CBPeripheralManager

从上面我们知道,中心设备是用来扫描周围的外设,两台设备的通讯中,必须有一个充当中心设备,一个充当外设,外设是由 CBPeripheralManager 进行管理。

//设置外设管理中心代理
@property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate> delegate;

//外设状态 枚举如中心设备
@property(readonly) CBPeripheralManagerState state;

//是否正在发送广播
@property(readonly) BOOL isAdvertising;

//用户的授权状态
+ (CBPeripheralManagerAuthorizationStatus)authorizationStatus;

初始化方法:

  //初始化并设置代理 参数的具体含义与中心设备管理中心

 - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t);

 - (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>)delegate queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)options;

发送广播:

 //advertisementData中可以发送的数据有约定 如下
 /*
 // 对应设置NSString类型的广播名
 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey;
 // 外设制造商的NSData数据
 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataManufacturerDataKey;
 // 外设制造商的CBUUID数据
 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceDataKey;
 // 服务的UUID与其对应的服务数据字典数组
 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey;
 // 附加服务的UUID数组
 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataOverflowServiceUUIDsKey;
 // 外设的发送功率 NSNumber类型
 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataTxPowerLevelKey;
 // 外设是否可以连接
 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataIsConnectable;
 // 服务的UUID数组
 NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey;
 */
 - (void)startAdvertising:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)advertisementData;

 //停止发送广播
 - (void)stopAdvertising;

其他方法:

//设置一个连接的具体central设备的延时 枚举如下:
 /*
 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency) {
     CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyLow = 0,
     CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyMedium,
     CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyHigh

 } NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0);
 */
 - (void)setDesiredConnectionLatency:(CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency)latency forCentral:(CBCentral *)central;

 //添加一个服务 http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/
 - (void)addService:(CBMutableService *)service;

 //移除一个服务
 - (void)removeService:(CBMutableService *)service;

 //移除所有服务
 - (void)removeAllServices;

 //响应中心设备的读写请求
 - (void)respondToRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request withResult:(CBATTError)result;

 //更新一个连接中心设备的订阅特征值
 - (BOOL)updateValue:(NSData *)value forCharacteristic:(CBMutableCharacteristic *)characteristic onSubscribedCentrals:(nullable NSArray<CBCentral *> *)centrals;

代理方法:

  //这个方法是必须实现的 状态可用后可以发送广播
  - (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral;

  //连接回复时调用的方法 和centralManager类似
  - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral willRestoreState:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)dict;

  //开始发送广播时调用的方法
  - (void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;

  //添加服务调用的回调
  - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;

  //当一个central设备订阅一个特征值时调用的方法
 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;

 //取消订阅一个特征值时调用的方法
 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;

 //收到读请求时触发的方法
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request;

//收到写请求时触发的方法
 - (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray<CBATTRequest *> *)requests;

 //外设准备更新特征值时调用的方法
 - (void)peripheralManagerIsReadyToUpdateSubscribers:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral;

四、中心设备与外设对象 CBCentralCBPeripheral

上面介绍了中心设备管理类与外设管理类,这些类用于将设备连接建立起来,数据交换的服务和一些信息则是在对应的设备对象中。

1.中心设备 CBCentral 属性与方法
//中心设备最大接收的数据长度
@property(readonly, nonatomic) NSUInteger maximumUpdateValueLength;
2.外设 CAPeripheral 属性与方法

外设对象要比中心对象复杂的多,当 centralManager 连接到外设后,需要通过外设对象的代理方法进行数据交互,其中主要方法属性如下:

//设置代理
  @property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) id<CBPeripheralDelegate> delegate;

 //外设name
  @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSString *name;

  //信号强度
  @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSNumber *RSSI NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0);

  //外设状态
  /*
  typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralState) {
     CBPeripheralStateDisconnected = 0,//未连接
     CBPeripheralStateConnecting,//正在链接
    CBPeripheralStateConnected,//已经连接 
    CBPeripheralStateDisconnecting NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0),//正在断开连接
 } NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0);
*/
@property(readonly) CBPeripheralState state;

//所有的服务数组
 @property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBService *> *services;

 //获取当前信号强度
 - (void)readRSSI;

 //根据服务UUID寻找服务对象
 - (void)discoverServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)serviceUUIDs;

 //在服务对象UUID数组中寻找特定服务
 - (void)discoverIncludedServices:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)includedServiceUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service;

 //在一个服务中寻找特征值
 - (void)discoverCharacteristics:(nullable NSArray<CBUUID *> *)characteristicUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service;

 //从一个特征中读取数据
 - (void)readValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;

 //写数据的最大长度
 //type枚举如下
 /*
 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCharacteristicWriteType) {
     CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse = 0,//写数据并且接收成功与否回执
     CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse,//写数据不接收回执
 };
 */
 - (NSUInteger)maximumWriteValueLengthForType:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0);

 //向某个特征中写数据
 - (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic type:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type;

 //为制定的特征值设置监听通知
 - (void)setNotifyValue:(BOOL)enabled forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;

 //寻找特征值的描述
 - (void)discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;

 //读取特征的描述值
 - (void)readValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;

 //写特征的描述值
 - (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;

**外设的代理方法如下:**

  //外设名称更改时回调的方法
  - (void)peripheralDidUpdateName:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0);

  //外设服务变化时回调的方法
  - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didModifyServices:(NSArray<CBService *> *)invalidatedServices NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0);

 //信号强度改变时调用的方法
  - (void)peripheralDidUpdateRSSI:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0);

  //读取信号强度回调的方法 柯乐义 keleyi.com
  - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didReadRSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 8_0);

  //发现服务时调用的方法
 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(nullable NSError *)error;

 //在服务中发现子服务回调的方法
 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverIncludedServicesForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;

 //发现服务的特征值后回调的方法
 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;

 //特征值更新时回调的方法
 - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;

 //向特征值写数据时回调的方法
  - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;

  //特征值的通知设置改变时触发的方法
  - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;

  //发现特征值的描述信息触发的方法
  - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;

  //特征的描述值更新时触发的方法
  - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error;

//写描述信息时触发的方法
  - (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error;

五、服务对象 CBService

服务对象是用来管理外设提供的一些数据服务的,其中属性如下:

//对应的外设
@property(assign, readonly, nonatomic) CBPeripheral *peripheral;

//是否是初等服务
@property(readonly, nonatomic) BOOL isPrimary;

//包含的自服务
@property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBService *> *includedServices;

//服务中的特征值
@property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBCharacteristic *> *characteristics;

六、服务的特征值 CBCharacteristic

通过绑定服务中的特征值来进行数据的读写操作,其中属性如下:

//对应的服务对象
@property(assign, readonly, nonatomic) CBService *service;

//特征值的属性 枚举如下
/*
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
    CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast,//允许广播特征
    CBCharacteristicPropertyRead,//可读属性
    CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse,//可写并且接收回执
    CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite,//可写属性
    CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify,//可通知属性
    CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate,//可展现的特征值
    CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites,//允许签名的特征值写入
    CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired,
    CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired
};
*/
@property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristicProperties properties;

//特征值的数据 
@property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSData *value;

//特征值的描述
@property(retain, readonly, nullable) NSArray<CBDescriptor *> *descriptors;

//是否是当前广播的特征
@property(readonly) BOOL isBroadcasted;

//是否是正在通知的特征
@property(readonly) BOOL isNotifying;

七、读写请求对象 CBATTRequest

服务对象是外设向中心设备提供的相关数据服务,获取到相应服务后,中心设备可以进行读写请求,读写对象属性如下:

//对应的中心设备
@property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCentral *central;

//对应的特征值
@property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristic *characteristic;

//读写数据值
@property(readwrite, copy, nullable) NSData *value;

八、开发流程

  1. 新建Central Manager实例并进行监听蓝牙设备状态
  2. 开始搜索外围设备,通过delegate获得数据
  3. 连接外围设备,delegate通知连接结果
  4. 获得外围设备的服务,delegate获得结果
  5. 获得服务的特征,delegate获得结果
  6. 根据服务和特征给外围设备发送数据
  7. 根据delegate回调,从外围设备读数据

九、demo

1.中心设备
//
//  DJViewController.m
//  DJTestDemo
//
//  Created by admin on 2021/6/8.
//

#import "DJViewController.h"
#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>

#define SERVICE_UUID        @"CDD1"
#define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID @"CDD2"

@interface DJViewController ()<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>

@property (nonatomic,strong)CBCentralManager *centralManager;
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBPeripheral *peripheral;
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBCharacteristic *characteristic;

@end

@implementation DJViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("dj.com", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
    _centralManager = [[CBCentralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:queue options:@{@"CBCentralManagerOptionShowPowerAlertKey":@YES}];
    
}

/** 读取数据 */
- (void)readData{
    [self.peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:self.characteristic];
}

/** 写入数据 */
- (void)writeData{
    // 用NSData类型来写入
    NSData *data = [@"12345" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    // 根据上面的特征self.characteristic来写入数据
    [self.peripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:self.characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
}

#pragma mark - CBCentralManagerDelegate

/** 手机蓝牙状态 */
-(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{
    if (central.state == CBManagerStateUnknown) {
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙当前状态不明确");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStateResetting){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙设备正在被重置");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStateUnsupported){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙设备不支持");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStateUnauthorized){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝未被授权");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStatePoweredOff){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙关闭了,请先打开蓝牙");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStatePoweredOn){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙开启");
        //扫描设备
        [_centralManager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:SERVICE_UUID]] options:nil];
    }
}

/** 扫描结果 */
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
    NSLog(@"%@",advertisementData);
    if ([peripheral.name hasPrefix:@"Air"]) {
        self.peripheral = peripheral;
        //连接设备
        [central connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
        //停止扫描
        [self.centralManager stopScan];
    }
}

/** 连接成功 */
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{
    NSLog(@"连接成功");
    // 设置代理
    peripheral.delegate = self;
    // 根据UUID来寻找服务
    [peripheral discoverServices:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:SERVICE_UUID]]];
}
/** 连接失败 */
-(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(nonnull CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error{
    NSLog(@"连接失败");
    // 断开连接可以设置重新连接
    [central connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
}

/** 断开连接 */
- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error {
    NSLog(@"断开连接");
    // 断开连接可以设置重新连接
    [central connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
}

#pragma mark - CBPeripheralDelegate

/** 发现服务 */
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
    // 遍历出外设中所有的服务
    for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) {
        NSLog(@"所有的服务:%@",service);
    }
    
    /// 这里仅有一个服务,所以直接获取
    CBService *service = peripheral.services.lastObject;
    // 根据UUID寻找服务中的特征
    [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]] forService:service];
}
    
/** 发现特征回调 */
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error {
    
    // 遍历出所需要的特征
    for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) {
        NSLog(@"所有特征:%@", characteristic);
        // 从外设开发人员那里拿到不同特征的UUID,不同特征做不同事情,比如有读取数据的特征,也有写入数据的特征
    }
    
    // 这里只获取一个特征,写入数据的时候需要用到这个特征
    self.characteristic = service.characteristics.lastObject;
    
    // 直接读取这个特征数据,会调用didUpdateValueForCharacteristic
    [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:self.characteristic];
    
    // 订阅通知
    [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:self.characteristic];
}

/** 订阅状态的改变 */
-(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error {
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"订阅失败");
        NSLog(@"%@",error);
    }
    if (characteristic.isNotifying) {
        NSLog(@"订阅成功");
    } else {
        NSLog(@"取消订阅");
    }
}

/** 接收到数据回调 */
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error {
    // 拿到外设发送过来的数据
    NSData *data = characteristic.value;
    NSString *readStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSLog(@"%@",readStr);
}

/** 写入数据回调 */
- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(nonnull CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error {
    NSLog(@"写入成功");
}


@end
2.外设
//
//  DJViewController.m
//  DJTestDemo
//
//  Created by admin on 2021/6/8.
//

#import "DJViewController.h"
#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>

#define SERVICE_UUID        @"CDD1"
#define CHARACTERISTIC_UUID @"CDD2"

@interface DJViewController ()<CBPeripheralManagerDelegate>

@property (nonatomic, strong) CBPeripheralManager *peripheralManager;
@property (nonatomic, strong) CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristic;

@end

@implementation DJViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // 创建外设管理器,会回调peripheralManagerDidUpdateState方法
    self.peripheralManager = [[CBPeripheralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
}


#pragma mark - CBPeripheralManagerDelegate

/** 手机蓝牙状态 */
-(void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{
    if (central.state == CBManagerStateUnknown) {
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙当前状态不明确");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStateResetting){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙设备正在被重置");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStateUnsupported){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙设备不支持");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStateUnauthorized){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝未被授权");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStatePoweredOff){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙关闭了,请先打开蓝牙");
    }else if (central.state == CBManagerStatePoweredOn){
        NSLog(@"系统蓝牙开启");
        // 创建Service(服务)和Characteristics(特征)
        [self setupServiceAndCharacteristics];
        // 根据服务的UUID开始广播
        [self.peripheralManager startAdvertising:@{CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey:@[[CBUUID UUIDWithString:SERVICE_UUID]]}];
    }
}

/** 中心设备读取数据的时候回调 */
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request {
    // 请求中的数据,这里把文本框中的数据发给中心设备
    request.value = [self.textField.text dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    // 成功响应请求
    [peripheral respondToRequest:request withResult:CBATTErrorSuccess];
}

/** 中心设备写入数据的时候回调 */
- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray<CBATTRequest *> *)requests {
    // 写入数据的请求
    CBATTRequest *request = requests.lastObject;
    // 把写入的数据显示在文本框中
    self.textField.text = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:request.value encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
}

/** 订阅成功回调 */
-(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic {
    NSLog(@"%s",__FUNCTION__);
}

/** 取消订阅回调 */
-(void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic {
    NSLog(@"%s",__FUNCTION__);
}

/** 创建服务和特征 */
- (void)setupServiceAndCharacteristics {
    // 创建服务
    CBUUID *serviceID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString:SERVICE_UUID];
    CBMutableService *service = [[CBMutableService alloc] initWithType:serviceID primary:YES];
    // 创建服务中的特征
    CBUUID *characteristicID = [CBUUID UUIDWithString:CHARACTERISTIC_UUID];
    CBMutableCharacteristic *characteristic = [
                                               [CBMutableCharacteristic alloc]
                                               initWithType:characteristicID
                                               properties:
                                               CBCharacteristicPropertyRead |
                                               CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite |
                                               CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify
                                               value:nil
                                               permissions:CBAttributePermissionsReadable |
                                               CBAttributePermissionsWriteable
                                               ];
    // 特征添加进服务
    service.characteristics = @[characteristic];
    // 服务加入管理
    [self.peripheralManager addService:service];
    
    // 为了手动给中心设备发送数据
    self.characteristic = characteristic;
}

/** 通过固定的特征发送数据到中心设备 */
- (void)didClickPost {
    BOOL sendSuccess = [self.peripheralManager updateValue:[@"111" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] forCharacteristic:self.characteristic onSubscribedCentrals:nil];
    if (sendSuccess) {
        NSLog(@"数据发送成功");
    }else {
        NSLog(@"数据发送失败");
    }
}

@end

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