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iOS底层学习 - 内存管理之weak原理探究
总结
当一个对象obj被weak指针指向时，这个weak指针会以obj作为key，被存储到sideTable类的weak_table这个散列表上对应的一个weak指针数组里面。
当一个对象obj的dealloc方法被调用时，Runtime会以obj为key，从sideTable的weak_table散列表中，找出对应的weak指针列表，然后将里面的weak指针逐个置为nil
创建流程：
Runtime维护了一个弱引用表，将所有弱引用obj的指针地址都保存在obj对应的weak_entry_t中。
创建时，先从找到全局散列表SideTables中对应的弱引用表weak_table
在weak_table中被弱引用对象的referent,并创建或者插入对应的weak_entry_t
然后append_referrer(entry, referrer)将我的新弱引⽤的对象加进去entry
最后weak_entry_insert 把entry加⼊到我们的weak_table
weak创建流程.png
销毁流程：
首先根据对象地址获取所有weak指针地址的数组
然后遍历这个数组把对应的数据清空置为nil
同时，将weak_entry_t移除出弱引用表weak_table。
weak销毁流程.png
关键词说明:
__weak Person *weakObj = personObj;
1. Weak的修饰过程
objc_initWeak
/**
* Initialize a fresh weak pointer to some object location.
* It would be used for code like:
*
* (The nil case)
* __weak id weakPtr;
* (The non-nil case)
* NSObject *o = ...;
* __weak id weakPtr = o;
*
* This function IS NOT thread-safe with respect to concurrent
* modifications to the weak variable. (Concurrent weak clear is safe.)
*
* @param location Address of __weak ptr.
* @param newObj Object ptr.
*/
id
objc_initWeak(id *location, id newObj)
{
if (!newObj) {
*location = nil;
return nil;
}
return storeWeak<DontHaveOld, DoHaveNew, DoCrashIfDeallocating>
(location, (objc_object*)newObj);
}
storeWeak
// Update a weak variable.
// If HaveOld is true, the variable has an existing value
// that needs to be cleaned up. This value might be nil.
// If HaveNew is true, there is a new value that needs to be
// assigned into the variable. This value might be nil.
// If CrashIfDeallocating is true, the process is halted if newObj is
// deallocating or newObj's class does not support weak references.
// If CrashIfDeallocating is false, nil is stored instead.
enum CrashIfDeallocating {
DontCrashIfDeallocating = false, DoCrashIfDeallocating = true
};
template <HaveOld haveOld, HaveNew haveNew,
enum CrashIfDeallocating crashIfDeallocating>
static id
storeWeak(id *location, objc_object *newObj)
{
ASSERT(haveOld || haveNew);
if (!haveNew) ASSERT(newObj == nil);
Class previouslyInitializedClass = nil;
id oldObj;
SideTable *oldTable;
SideTable *newTable;
// Acquire locks for old and new values.
// Order by lock address to prevent lock ordering problems.
// Retry if the old value changes underneath us.
retry:
if (haveOld) {
oldObj = *location;
oldTable = &SideTables()[oldObj];
} else {
oldTable = nil;
}
if (haveNew) {
newTable = &SideTables()[newObj];
} else {
newTable = nil;
}
SideTable::lockTwo<haveOld, haveNew>(oldTable, newTable);
if (haveOld && *location != oldObj) {
SideTable::unlockTwo<haveOld, haveNew>(oldTable, newTable);
goto retry;
}
// Prevent a deadlock between the weak reference machinery
// and the +initialize machinery by ensuring that no
// weakly-referenced object has an un-+initialized isa.
if (haveNew && newObj) {
Class cls = newObj->getIsa();
if (cls != previouslyInitializedClass &&
!((objc_class *)cls)->isInitialized())
{
SideTable::unlockTwo<haveOld, haveNew>(oldTable, newTable);
class_initialize(cls, (id)newObj);
// If this class is finished with +initialize then we're good.
// If this class is still running +initialize on this thread
// (i.e. +initialize called storeWeak on an instance of itself)
// then we may proceed but it will appear initializing and
// not yet initialized to the check above.
// Instead set previouslyInitializedClass to recognize it on retry.
previouslyInitializedClass = cls;
goto retry;
}
}
// Clean up old value, if any.
if (haveOld) {
weak_unregister_no_lock(&oldTable->weak_table, oldObj, location);
}
// Assign new value, if any.
if (haveNew) {
newObj = (objc_object *)
weak_register_no_lock(&newTable->weak_table, (id)newObj, location,
crashIfDeallocating ? CrashIfDeallocating : ReturnNilIfDeallocating);
// weak_register_no_lock returns nil if weak store should be rejected
// Set is-weakly-referenced bit in refcount table.
if (!newObj->isTaggedPointerOrNil()) {
newObj->setWeaklyReferenced_nolock();
}
// Do not set *location anywhere else. That would introduce a race.
*location = (id)newObj;
}
else {
// No new value. The storage is not changed.
}
SideTable::unlockTwo<haveOld, haveNew>(oldTable, newTable);
// This must be called without the locks held, as it can invoke
// arbitrary code. In particular, even if _setWeaklyReferenced
// is not implemented, resolveInstanceMethod: may be, and may
// call back into the weak reference machinery.
callSetWeaklyReferenced((id)newObj);
return (id)newObj;
}
weak_register_no_lock
/**
* Registers a new (object, weak pointer) pair. Creates a new weak
* object entry if it does not exist.
*
* @param weak_table The global weak table.
* @param referent The object pointed to by the weak reference.
* @param referrer The weak pointer address.
*/
id
weak_register_no_lock(weak_table_t *weak_table, id referent_id,
id *referrer_id, WeakRegisterDeallocatingOptions deallocatingOptions)
{
objc_object *referent = (objc_object *)referent_id;
objc_object **referrer = (objc_object **)referrer_id;
if (referent->isTaggedPointerOrNil()) return referent_id;
// ensure that the referenced object is viable
if (deallocatingOptions == ReturnNilIfDeallocating ||
deallocatingOptions == CrashIfDeallocating) {
bool deallocating;
if (!referent->ISA()->hasCustomRR()) {
deallocating = referent->rootIsDeallocating();
}
else {
// Use lookUpImpOrForward so we can avoid the assert in
// class_getInstanceMethod, since we intentionally make this
// callout with the lock held.
auto allowsWeakReference = (BOOL(*)(objc_object *, SEL))
lookUpImpOrForwardTryCache((id)referent, @selector(allowsWeakReference),
referent->getIsa());
if ((IMP)allowsWeakReference == _objc_msgForward) {
return nil;
}
deallocating =
! (*allowsWeakReference)(referent, @selector(allowsWeakReference));
}
if (deallocating) {
if (deallocatingOptions == CrashIfDeallocating) {
_objc_fatal("Cannot form weak reference to instance (%p) of "
"class %s. It is possible that this object was "
"over-released, or is in the process of deallocation.",
(void*)referent, object_getClassName((id)referent));
} else {
return nil;
}
}
}
// now remember it and where it is being stored
weak_entry_t *entry;
if ((entry = weak_entry_for_referent(weak_table, referent))) {
append_referrer(entry, referrer);
}
else {
weak_entry_t new_entry(referent, referrer);
weak_grow_maybe(weak_table);
weak_entry_insert(weak_table, &new_entry);
}
// Do not set *referrer. objc_storeWeak() requires that the
// value not change.
return referent_id;
}
append_referrer
将referrer插入到weak_entry_t中
/**
* Add the given referrer to set of weak pointers in this entry.
* Does not perform duplicate checking (b/c weak pointers are never
* added to a set twice).
*
* @param entry The entry holding the set of weak pointers.
* @param new_referrer The new weak pointer to be added.
*/
static void append_referrer(weak_entry_t *entry, objc_object **new_referrer)
{
if (! entry->out_of_line()) {
// Try to insert inline.
for (size_t i = 0; i < WEAK_INLINE_COUNT; i++) {
if (entry->inline_referrers[i] == nil) {
entry->inline_referrers[i] = new_referrer;
return;
}
}
// Couldn't insert inline. Allocate out of line.
weak_referrer_t *new_referrers = (weak_referrer_t *)
calloc(WEAK_INLINE_COUNT, sizeof(weak_referrer_t));
// This constructed table is invalid, but grow_refs_and_insert
// will fix it and rehash it.
for (size_t i = 0; i < WEAK_INLINE_COUNT; i++) {
new_referrers[i] = entry->inline_referrers[I];
}
entry->referrers = new_referrers;
entry->num_refs = WEAK_INLINE_COUNT;
entry->out_of_line_ness = REFERRERS_OUT_OF_LINE;
entry->mask = WEAK_INLINE_COUNT-1;
entry->max_hash_displacement = 0;
}
ASSERT(entry->out_of_line());
if (entry->num_refs >= TABLE_SIZE(entry) * 3/4) {
return grow_refs_and_insert(entry, new_referrer);
}
size_t begin = w_hash_pointer(new_referrer) & (entry->mask);
size_t index = begin;
size_t hash_displacement = 0;
while (entry->referrers[index] != nil) {
hash_displacement++;
index = (index+1) & entry->mask;
if (index == begin) bad_weak_table(entry);
}
if (hash_displacement > entry->max_hash_displacement) {
entry->max_hash_displacement = hash_displacement;
}
weak_referrer_t &ref = entry->referrers[index];
ref = new_referrer;
entry->num_refs++;
}
grow_refs_and_insert
如果动态数组中元素个数大于或等于数组总空间的3/4，则扩展数组空间为当前长度的一倍，然后将 referrer 插入数组
/**
* Grow the entry's hash table of referrers. Rehashes each
* of the referrers.
*
* @param entry Weak pointer hash set for a particular object.
*/
__attribute__((noinline, used))
static void grow_refs_and_insert(weak_entry_t *entry,
objc_object **new_referrer)
{
ASSERT(entry->out_of_line());
size_t old_size = TABLE_SIZE(entry);
size_t new_size = old_size ? old_size * 2 : 8;
size_t num_refs = entry->num_refs;
weak_referrer_t *old_refs = entry->referrers;
entry->mask = new_size - 1;
entry->referrers = (weak_referrer_t *)
calloc(TABLE_SIZE(entry), sizeof(weak_referrer_t));
entry->num_refs = 0;
entry->max_hash_displacement = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < old_size && num_refs > 0; i++) {
if (old_refs[i] != nil) {
append_referrer(entry, old_refs[I]);
num_refs--;
}
}
// Insert
append_referrer(entry, new_referrer);
if (old_refs) free(old_refs);
}
weak_unregister_no_lock
如果weak指针在指向obj之前，已经弱引用了其他的对象，则需要先将weak指针从其他对象的weak_entry_t的hash数组中移除。在storeWeak方法中会调用weak_unregister_no_lock函数来做移除操作
作者：低调的默认名
链接：https://juejin.cn/post/6844904051029573645
来源：掘金
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
/**
* Unregister an already-registered weak reference.
* This is used when referrer's storage is about to go away, but referent
* isn't dead yet. (Otherwise, zeroing referrer later would be a
* bad memory access.)
* Does nothing if referent/referrer is not a currently active weak reference.
* Does not zero referrer.
*
* FIXME currently requires old referent value to be passed in (lame)
* FIXME unregistration should be automatic if referrer is collected
*
* @param weak_table The global weak table.
* @param referent The object.
* @param referrer The weak reference.
*/
void
weak_unregister_no_lock(weak_table_t *weak_table, id referent_id,
id *referrer_id)
{
objc_object *referent = (objc_object *)referent_id;
objc_object **referrer = (objc_object **)referrer_id;
weak_entry_t *entry;
if (!referent) return;
if ((entry = weak_entry_for_referent(weak_table, referent))) {
remove_referrer(entry, referrer);
bool empty = true;
if (entry->out_of_line() && entry->num_refs != 0) {
empty = false;
}
else {
for (size_t i = 0; i < WEAK_INLINE_COUNT; i++) {
if (entry->inline_referrers[i]) {
empty = false;
break;
}
}
}
if (empty) {
weak_entry_remove(weak_table, entry);
}
}
// Do not set *referrer = nil. objc_storeWeak() requires that the
// value not change.
}
2. weak对象销毁过程
_objc_rootDealloc
// Replaced by NSZombies
- (void)dealloc {
_objc_rootDealloc(self);
}
void
_objc_rootDealloc(id obj)
{
ASSERT(obj);
obj->rootDealloc();
}
rootDealloc
inline void
objc_object::rootDealloc()
{
//如果是Tagged Pointer，就直接返回
if (isTaggedPointer()) return; // fixme necessary?
/*
如果同时满足
1. 是优化过的isa、
2. 没有被weak指针引用过、
3. 没有关联对象、
4. 没有C++析构函数、
5. 没有sideTable，
就可以直接释放内存free()
*/
if (fastpath(isa.nonpointer &&
!isa.weakly_referenced &&
!isa.has_assoc &&
#if ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT
!isa.has_cxx_dtor &&
#else
!isa.getClass(false)->hasCxxDtor() &&
#endif
!isa.has_sidetable_rc))
{
assert(!sidetable_present());
free(this);
}
else {
object_dispose((id)this);
}
}
object_dispose
id
object_dispose(id obj)
{
if (!obj) return nil;
objc_destructInstance(obj);
free(obj);
return nil;
}
objc_destructInstance
/***********************************************************************
* objc_destructInstance
* Destroys an instance without freeing memory.
* Calls C++ destructors.
* Removes associative references.
* Returns `obj`. Does nothing if `obj` is nil.
* CoreFoundation and other clients do call this under GC.
**********************************************************************/
void *objc_destructInstance(id obj)
{
if (obj) {
Class isa = obj->getIsa();
if (isa->hasCxxDtor()) {
object_cxxDestruct(obj);
}
if (isa->instancesHaveAssociatedObjects()) {
_object_remove_assocations(obj);
}
objc_clear_deallocating(obj);
}
return obj;
}
objc_clear_deallocating
void
objc_clear_deallocating(id obj)
{
ASSERT(obj);
if (obj->isTaggedPointer()) return;
obj->clearDeallocating();
}
clearDeallocating
inline void
objc_object::clearDeallocating()
{
if (slowpath(!isa.nonpointer)) {
// Slow path for raw pointer isa.
//如果要释放的对象没有采用了优化过的isa引用计数
sidetable_clearDeallocating();
}
else if (slowpath(isa.weakly_referenced || isa.has_sidetable_rc)) {
// Slow path for non-pointer isa with weak refs and/or side table data.
//如果要释放的对象采用了优化过的isa引用计数，并且有弱引用或者使用了sideTable的辅助引用计数
clearDeallocating_slow();
}
assert(!sidetable_present());
}
clearDeallocating_slow
// Slow path of clearDeallocating()
// for objects with nonpointer isa
// that were ever weakly referenced
// or whose retain count ever overflowed to the side table.
NEVER_INLINE void
objc_object::clearDeallocating_slow()
{
ASSERT(isa.nonpointer && (isa.weakly_referenced || isa.has_sidetable_rc));
//在全局的SideTables中，以this指针(要释放的对象)为key，找到对应的SideTable
SideTable& table = SideTables()[this];
table.lock();
if (isa.weakly_referenced) {
//要释放的对象被弱引用了，通过weak_clear_no_lock函数将指向该对象的弱引用指针置为nil
weak_clear_no_lock(&table.weak_table, (id)this);
}
//使用了sideTable的辅助引用计数,直接在SideTable中擦除该对象的引用计数
if (isa.has_sidetable_rc) {
table.refcnts.erase(this);
}
table.unlock();
}
weak_clear_no_lock
/**
* Called by dealloc; nils out all weak pointers that point to the
* provided object so that they can no longer be used.
*
* @param weak_table
* @param referent The object being deallocated.
*/
void
weak_clear_no_lock(weak_table_t *weak_table, id referent_id)
{
objc_object *referent = (objc_object *)referent_id;
weak_entry_t *entry = weak_entry_for_referent(weak_table, referent);
if (entry == nil) {
/// XXX shouldn't happen, but does with mismatched CF/objc
//printf("XXX no entry for clear deallocating %p\n", referent);
return;
}
// zero out references
weak_referrer_t *referrers;
size_t count;
if (entry->out_of_line()) {
referrers = entry->referrers;
count = TABLE_SIZE(entry);
}
else {
referrers = entry->inline_referrers;
count = WEAK_INLINE_COUNT;
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
objc_object **referrer = referrers[I];
if (referrer) {
if (*referrer == referent) {
*referrer = nil;
}
else if (*referrer) {
_objc_inform("__weak variable at %p holds %p instead of %p. "
"This is probably incorrect use of "
"objc_storeWeak() and objc_loadWeak(). "
"Break on objc_weak_error to debug.\n",
referrer, (void*)*referrer, (void*)referent);
objc_weak_error();
}
}
}
weak_entry_remove(weak_table, entry);
}
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