<section style=";background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: auto;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字关注我们</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: -6px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;height: 10px;width: 10px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 10px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 0;background-color: rgb(255, 207, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《 世界现代设计史 》</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">王受之<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.4589552" src="https://img.haomeiwen.com/i15588212/df5cfe09192b3155" data-type="jpeg" data-w="268" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="margin: 30px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-color: rgb(79, 79, 79);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: -30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 18%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 60px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">使</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 18%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 60px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">用</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 18%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 60px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">需</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 18%;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 60px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 15px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">知</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(79, 79, 79);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">任何事情讲究方式方法，背书也如此，看此枯燥乏味的背诵过程只要用对方法，循序渐进，不仅可大大提高背书效率，更可对知识点融会贯通，这样才能在考试中真正做到举一反三，下笔如有神助。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">第一次接触书本不要急着从第一章第一节的第一个字阅读记忆，不然很可能到考试那天你都没有读完全书。应该从目录看起，目录就是内容的精简提要，把目录背会，整个文章在讲什么你就已经了然心中。然后再重点阅读记忆每章重点章节名称和重点名词，这样每章的重点内容和要考的重点名词你已经全部掌握。最后再进行重点内容的关键词背诵。记住是关键词哦，只要你可以用自己的话把文章重点叙述清楚就可以了。整个记忆过程从头到尾都不要逐字逐句的死记硬背，真正读懂一本书，真正掌握一本书的知识点就是可以用自己的话把文章重点叙述清楚，合上书本，开始默背全书章节，章节重点内容，重点内容中的重点…如此反复，就可牛逼！！！</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> —— 小艺考研</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">参考书目：《世界现代设计史》王受之 </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">《疾风劲草》</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 300px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;padding-top: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 26);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 26);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: left;margin-left: -1px;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: right;margin-right: -1px;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding: 8px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.3;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一章 现代设计概论</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: left;margin-left: -3px;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: right;margin-right: -3px;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(110, 110, 110);padding-top: 20px;padding-bottom: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 38.2%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 207, 0);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(255, 207, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">001思维导图</p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">以下为小艺整理的思维导图，方便大家在学习之前对这一章有一个系统的了解，从而更容易掌握学习内容</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5027778" src="https://img.haomeiwen.com/i15588212/62bfd05cd7380ac2" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(110, 110, 110);padding-top: 20px;padding-bottom: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 38.2%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 207, 0);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(255, 207, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">002核心内容<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 0.5em;height: 0.5em;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(246, 221, 68);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(175, 175, 175);margin-top: 0.25em;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 207, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">什么是设计</span>？</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）设计的定义</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">：</strong></p><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">既指<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">应用艺术范畴</strong>的活动，也指<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">工程技术范畴</strong>的活动；</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">设计作为<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">动词</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">指产品、结构、系统的构思过程；</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">设计作为<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">名词</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">指具有结论的计划，或者执行这个计划的形式和程序；</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计师：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>从事设计专业户活动的个人；</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">设计分原创设计和再设计</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原创设计：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>原创型的第一次设计</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">再设计：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>对现代设计的重新评价，找出需要重新设计的原因，从功能缺失、审美缺陷、材料失当、款式过时这些方面提出再设计的意见，取得共识，重新设计。</span></p></li></ol></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）设计的步骤：</span></strong></p><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计前准备阶段：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>明确目的、设计分析、调查研究；</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">整理设计目的：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>解决存在问题的方案，设计方案提示方式、实施阶段、发展、测试；</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计的后期阶段：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>实施设计，对设计结果进行评估和总结；</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">再设计：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>在整个设计过程中发现有偏差及设计方式有潜在问题，应立即再设计。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></li></ol></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）设计的哲学：</span></strong></p><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">是设计师<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">个人对于设计的理念，有较强目的性</strong>。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">不存在单一、统一的设计哲学</strong>，因不同设计师有不同设计观，形成不同设计哲学。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">是为达到设计目的的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">价值观、方法论</strong>的总和。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">更多的接近于某种指导原则，指导设计师在一系列问题中做出优先缓急的选择。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></li></ol><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）设计的原则：</span></strong></p><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“KISS原则”：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>“keep it simple stupid，etc.”——保持简单，甚至有点笨的方式；</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">用最简单、通过直觉来接触问题。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">要多方面考虑设计的多种可能性原则：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>一个问题不止一种解决方法，集思广益。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">”使用者中心原则“：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>原则含义包括两点，一指产品本身，二指针对终端使用者需求、欲望的满足。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></li></ol></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;">（五）设计的方法：</span></strong></p><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">探索可能性与限度：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">采用<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">批评性的思维和技巧</strong>，设计上通过<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">研究来界定现存产品或者服务问题的范围</strong>，或<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">创造</strong>出一个<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新的内容</strong>来。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">重新界定设计结论：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>不沿用传统的方式，是崭新的设计，在平面、产品、建筑设计中很常用。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">在<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">现有设计基础上改进</strong>，或<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在功能上有增加和补充</strong>，或<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在形式方面有改进、改变</strong>。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">纯粹<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">从时尚、流行的目的</strong>出发的设计，创造潮流、创造时尚形式的设计。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">根据目前条件</strong>，创造一种新的使用环境，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">从突破条件的限制</strong>、创造时尚形式的设计。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></li></ol><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;">（六）设计的目的——满足要求：</span></strong></p><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">哲学角度，设计是具有强烈目的性的活动。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">设计的目的包括针对个人性质的市场性、技术性、教育性、娱乐性、嗜好性，同时也针对社会性质的政治、道德、需求内容。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">”目的“性还包括诸如宗教、伦理等更广义的内涵。</span></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">亚伯拉罕·马斯洛</strong>（美国）<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五大需求论</strong>：</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">①<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生理需求</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">生存需求，衣食住行；</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">②<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">安全需求：</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>心理和物质上的安全保障；</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">③<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社交需求</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">友谊、群体、人际社交；</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">④<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">尊重需求</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">被尊重和内在的自尊心；</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">⑤<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">自我实现需求</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">通过自身努力实现自身价值。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></li></ol><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;">（七）好的设计：</span></strong></p><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">具有<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能性（好用）</strong>和<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">审美性（好看）</strong>两方面特点，其中功能性是关键。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">迪特·拉姆斯</strong>（德）提出好的设计有<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">10个原则</strong>：</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">①<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是具有创新性的</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">应竭尽全力使用新技术的潜力去创新设计；</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">②<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是好用的设计</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">不仅满足使用功能，同时也要满足心理功能、审美功能；</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">③<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是好看的</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">形式和功能统一，满足人们各方面功能需求；</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">④<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是容易看懂的产品</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">产品需要结构交代清晰，并能够自己解释自身使用方法，无需设计说明书。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">⑤<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是不显眼的设计</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">好多产品都是工具，无须艺术装饰，应该低调、中性，给使用者自己发挥的空间。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">⑥<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是诚挚的设计</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">使用目的达到了就行，无须画蛇添足的创新、表现、增加价值感，更不要给消费者产品本身没有或者达不到的空头许诺。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">⑦<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是经久耐用的产品</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">避免追逐时尚。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">⑧是精心关注细节的设计：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">在设计中不要留下任何不足、遗憾，设计程序准确细心，是对消费者的负责。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">⑨<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是保护自然环境的设计</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">一方面通过产品的生命周期保护自然资源，另一方面减少物理、视觉上的污染。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">⑩<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是尽量做到少设计</strong>：</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">设计少迫使设计师集所有的产品关键于一身，产品不必为非需要的功能承受沉重的负担，设计因此恢复到纯粹、简单。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></li></ol><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 0.5em;height: 0.5em;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(246, 221, 68);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(175, 175, 175);margin-top: 0.25em;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(255, 207, 0);font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计的分类和范围</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">商业性设计范畴</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">传达设计范畴（这里指传统上称为”平面设计“的范畴）</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">建筑设计范畴</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">工业设计范畴</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">时尚设计范畴</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">文化创意产业范畴</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计学研究范畴</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计的知识产权范畴</p></li></ol><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现代设计中，关系最亲密的两个范畴是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">工业产品设计</strong>和<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">现代建筑设计</strong>。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(110, 110, 110);padding-top: 20px;padding-bottom: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 38.2%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 207, 0);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(255, 207, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">历年考题</p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style=""><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">”KISS“原则指的是什么？</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2019年大连工业大学）</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">工业设计</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2008年湖北工业大学、2009年河南大学、2010、2013、2017年清华美院、2016年华南理工大学）</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计可以有很多定义，请举例2-3个设计定义</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2014年、2016年江南大学）</p></li><li><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">设计是什么？</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2019年北京联合大学）</p></li></ul></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.625" src="https://img.haomeiwen.com/i15588212/466b1795919f6d68" data-type="gif" data-w="320" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: 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