4.Channels of Distribution

1.Common channels of Ddistribution
1.wholesalers
1.Rack jobbers
2.cash and carry wholesalers
3.drop shippers
2.retailers
1.department stores
2.discount stores
3.supermarkets
4.hypermarkets
5.general stores
6.specialty stores
3.other retailing businesses
1.virtual stores
2.vending machines
3.mail-order houses
4.direct selling
5.carts and kiosks
6.multilevel marketing
4.agents and brokers
5.the cost and value of intermediaries
1.time utility
2.place utility
3.ownership utility
4.form utility
5.imformation utility
6.service utility
6.physical distribution
1.modes of transportation
1.rail
2.truck
3.pipeline
4.water
5.air
2.material handing and storage