译者序

年少时，余读西学为用，总读不甚明了，曾一度怪译者水平。及长，亲自读原著，方知非译者之罪，实东西学本无一一对应关系。待余大胆尝试翻译，绞尽脑汁，搜肠刮肚，总觉难以表达西学万分之一时，方叹读书之少，正所谓：“书到用时方恨少，事非经过不知难”。

本书写于1949年，和新中国同岁成长，于今有76载。作者当然是George Orwell，George,本名 Eric Blair, （1903-1950），英国小说家及散文家，imaginative British writer concerned with social justice，富于想象的英国作家，关注社会正义。

George Orwell颇像中国的金庸先生，人们只知有Orwell，并不知他之真名叫Eric Blair，Orwell仅仅是笔名。说来颇为奇特，倘若查Eric Blair，我们甚至都查不到任何信息。Orwell生于印度，长与英国伦敦，念的当然是英国有着号称“黄冈中学”的伊顿公学名校（应该是黄冈中学更像伊顿公学，毕竟伊顿公学历史更悠久，只不过作为中国人的70-80-90后，可能更加对黄冈中学有深刻印象，这里故用黄冈中学来比拟之）。可惜小Eric学业平平，没考上大学。转而投身英国公务，加入英缅police，参军5年，后流浪天涯。

Orwell在英国属于中下层阶级，虽然自称中层阶级，却也知道家穷无产，故而吃尽生活之苦，做过洗碗工、教师、书店店员和码头工人，可是，良好的名校熏陶，让他很难真正融入下层老百姓生活，他就像一个“夹心饼干”，处在中间，两头受气。好在他同情老百姓，并非一直处在云端之上。故而他关注公平、正义。要接近老百姓，抽烟喝酒自然也沾染了一些，特别是烟不离口，这也为他的肺结核，埋下了巨大隐患。以至于多年后，年仅47岁，死于肺病，如果用一句话概括奥威尔，那就是：

匆匆过客一生忙，两部作品留人间。

除了《一九八四》，Orwell还有《动物庄园》，如果有时间，余亦想一睹为快，当然是读一点原著。我这人一向是原著粉，对于翻译一向挑剔，中学时代，凡是读西学小说，总嫌枯燥乏味，及至多年后，我读原著时，却从未觉得腻味。可见最初读西学，总要读翻译大师的作品，譬如王佐良的《青春》，譬如许渊冲翻译的英诗法诗，譬如张振玉译的《苏东坡传》和《吾国与吾民》等等。

当然，如今再读西学，已不再挑剔，毕竟有少许西学基础。近来读张学治译自英国传记

文学家Fiona Stafford的《简奥斯汀：短暂的一生》，我也读得津津有味，读李玉龙等译自两位美国数学教授的Mathematics All Around Seventh Edition也读得酣畅淋漓，读钟毛、李园莉译自德国卡尔·芬克的《数学简史》，也读得入迷三分。

《一九八四》关注的话题是正义是极权和公平，不得不让我想起另一部欧美经典——柏拉图的《理想国》Utopia。两者主题类似，但表现方式稍异。不同于《理想国》的辩论方式，《一九八四》更像是一部科幻小说，毕竟作者写于1949年，那么这个书名就颇为悬疑万分了，这是想预言25年后的故事。

结合写作年代的二十世纪四十年代末，美苏争霸的战争阴云密布全球，始终挥之不去。一直到25年后的1984年始，世界才有了一丝和平曙光。比如说，中英接触发表联合声明，比如说苏联进行最后倔强宣布抵制当年的洛杉矶奥运会后，中国在奥运会上取得不俗成绩，再如设计师在此年南下视察三个经济特区等等，人们才不至于紧张兮兮，朝不保夕。如果说之前是时刻准备着，那么这之后就是越加放下戒备，开始携手共进。再之后，苏联解体，两德一统，中国改开，解放思想，战争危机暂时解除，人们上紧的发条，终于松懈下来。

如果非要让我来解释这本《一九八四》，毋宁把它看作是二战后，作者对三战担忧的一个集中体现。其实，对照现实世界，我们可以把小说套用在每一处极端的社会之下，他是对人性的最无情揭露，这是一部典型的反战小说，反威权小说，批判性思维窥探。我们不拿意识形态做文章的话，倒是可以把它简单作为一本宣传和平书籍。世界需要和平，不需要战争，它将是永远值得我们反思，和阅读的一本世界名著。

所以，《一九八四》很难不让我们思考，作者可能是在讽刺当时的两个对立阵营。很讽刺的事，小说写出来后，不论美苏都把它当做禁书，苏联把奥威尔作为反苏代名词还情有可原，而英国特工一直严密监视其动向，就很可笑。可是，结合奥威尔出生，也很难不让英国高层，把他作为反资产阶级的代表，毕竟他本身，更多的是和中下层老百姓接触多。

最后，译者水平初浅，不当之处，在所难免，倘有错谬之处，还烦请广大读者予以纠正，本人不胜感激之至。闲话少叙，敬请期待，如下文。

Nineteen Eighty-four(Excerpt chapter 3 Part Ⅰ)
Writer：George Orwell
《一九八四》—乔治·奥威尔
(节选自 第一部 第三章)

体操规训大会全民健身，母亲主动牺牲假亦做真¹

Winston was dreaming of his mother.He must, he thought, have been ten or eleven years old when his mother had disappeared. She was a tall, statuesque, rather silent woman with slow movements and magnificent fair hair.

温斯顿想起他妈妈。他想，妈妈已经消失了10年或者11年了。妈妈是一个高挑、轮廓清晰和沉默的女人，那时妈妈动作缓慢，而且满头漂亮的白发。

His father he remembered more vaguely as dark and thin, dressed always in neat dark clothes (Winston remembered especially the very thin soles of his father’s shoes) and wearing spectacles. The two of them must evidently have been swallowed up in one of the first great purges of the fifties.

他模糊地记起爸爸又黑又瘦，总是戴着眼镜，穿着小巧的黑外套(温斯顿尤其记得爸爸的那双特别单薄的鞋底)。他们俩应该很明显，在最初的五十年巨大清洗运动中吞下苦果。

At this moment his mother was sitting in some place deep down beneath him, with his young sister in her arms. He did not remember his sister at all, except as a tiny, feeble baby, always silent, with large, watchful eyes.

在这一刻，他妈妈实际上，正坐在他下手的某个地方，手臂上抱着他妹妹。他一点都不记得妹妹，只记得是个小小的虚弱婴孩，总是安静待着，睁着一双关注的大眼睛。

Both of them were looking up at him. They were down in some subterranean place --the bottom of a well, for instance, or a very deep grave --but it was a place which, already far below him, was itself moving downwards. They were in the saloon of a sinking ship, looking up at him through the darkening water.

她们俩全都仰望着他，只因她们在某个地洞之下——井底。比如，或者是个深洞穴——然而，这是个远低于他的地方，并且它本身还正在下沉。她们在一艘沉船的公共大厅，正透过黑沉沉的海水抬头望着他。

There was still air in the saloon, they could still see him and he them, but all the while they were sinking down, down into the green waters which in another moment must hide them from sight for ever. He was out in the light and air while they were being sucked down to death, and they were down there because he was up here.

在大厅内仍还有空气，她们仍能看到他，但从始至终，她们一直在沉没，沉入绿色的海水中。稍后，他们必定被海水永远吞没，再也看不见。温斯顿在明亮和有空气的外面，然而她们却即将被吸进死亡漩涡。并且，因为他升到安全处，她们才降到那必死之地。

He knew it and they knew it, and he could see the knowledge in their faces. There was no reproach either in their faces or in their hearts, only the knowledge that they must die in order that he might remain alive, and that this was part of the unavoidable order of things.

温斯顿知道结局，她们也知道结局，并且，他能从她们的表情读懂一切。她们的表情并没有责备的意思，或者说，她们内心也没有遗憾。仅仅是知晓，她们必死是为了让他能够活下来。

He could not remember what had happened, but he knew in his dream that in some way the lives of his mother and his sister had been sacrificed to his own. It was one of those dreams which, while retaining the characteristic dream scenery, are a continuation of one’s intellectual life, and in which one becomes aware of facts and ideas which still seem new and valuable after one is awake.

他记不起发生了什么事，但他知道在梦里，他妈妈和妹妹，为了他全部牺牲了。正是这些梦的其中一个，在整个智慧人生中持续不断，保持特色梦境；并且，在梦里，这个人还变得意识到了现实和目标，而且，这些东西既新颖也有价值，随后，此人开始觉醒。

The thing that now suddenly struck Winston was that his mother’s death, nearly thirty years ago, had been tragic and sorrowful in a way that was no longer possible. Tragedy, he perceived, belonged to the ancient time, to a time when there was still privacy, love, and friendship, and when the members of a family stood by one another without needing to know the reason.

现在开始突然侵蚀温斯顿的事，就是他妈的死亡。大概三十年前，这件事已经悲剧和哀戚，不再可能以另一个形式呈现。悲剧，他感觉到了，那属于旧时光。未来某段时间，当仍然拥有隐私、爱情和友谊时，当家庭成员还无理由支持彼此的时候。

His mother’s memory tore at his heart because she had died loving him, when he was too young and selfish to love her in return, and because somehow, he did not remember how, she had sacrificed herself to a conception of loyalty that was private and unalterable. Such things, he saw, could not happen today.

对妈妈的记忆撕裂着他的心❤️，因为妈妈爱他而牺牲，当时他太年幼和自私，以至于还来不及回报妈妈的爱，因为某种缘故，他记不得各种因由。妈妈为了忠诚概念而牺牲自己，这既是私人的也是不可改变的事实。他目睹这些事，今天再不能发生。

Today there were fear, hatred, and pain, but no dignity of emotion, no deep or complex sorrows. All this he seemed to see in the large eyes of his mother and his sister, looking up at him through the green water, hundreds of fathoms down and still sinking.

今天，只有恐惧、憎恨和痛苦；但是，毫无情感的尊严，也无深深或复杂的悲痛。所有这些，他好像看到妈妈和妹妹的巨大眼睛里，正从深达几百米的绿色海水中抬头仰望他，而且，她们还在下沉。

Suddenly he was standing on short springy turf, on a summer evening when the slanting rays of the sun gilded the ground①. The landscape that he was looking at recurred so often in his dreams that he was never fully certain whether or not he had seen it in the real world. In his waking thoughts he called it the Golden Country.

突然，温斯顿站在一个连贯弹性的跑马场上。此时，夏日的傍晚，斜阳给地面镀上一层金黄。他正看着的风景，经常在梦里是如此地治愈他。他从来不能完全肯定，是否在现实世界见到过。在他醒来后的思考里，他称这个梦境世界为黄金之国。

It was an old, rabbit-bitten pasture, with a foot-track wandering across it and a molehill here and there. In the ragged hedge on the opposite side of the field the boughs of the elm trees were swaying very faintly in the breeze, their leaves just stirring in dense masses like women’s hair.

这是一个古老的草场，上面到处都是兔子吃过的痕迹。随着足迹闲逛草场，会发现到处都是鼹鼠丘。田野对面，在参差不齐的树篱防护带上，榆树枝在微风中隐约地摇摆不定，榆树叶正好密集地搅动着，像极了女人的头发。

Somewhere near at hand, though out of sight, there was a clear, slow-moving stream where dace were swimming in the pools under the willow trees.

在附近某处，尽管看不到，但有一个清晰的小河，正缓缓流淌。鲦鱼正在柳树下的池子里畅游。

The girl with dark hair was coming towards them across the field. With what seemed a single movement she tore off her clothes and flung them disdainfully aside. Her body was white and smooth, but it aroused no desire in him, indeed he barely looked at it.

黑发女孩即将穿过田野走向鱼儿。好像她脱掉衣服正拿着，然后轻蔑地扔到一边。她的身体白皙又光滑，但丝毫不能激起温斯顿欲望，实际上，他几乎看不到。

What overwhelmed him in that instant was admiration for the gesture with which she had thrown her clothes aside. With its grace and carelessness it seemed to annihilate a whole culture, a whole system of thought, as though Big Brother and the Party and the Thought Police could all be swept into nothingness by a single splendid movement of the arm. That too was a gesture belonging to the ancient time. Winston woke up with the word “Shakespeare” on his lips.

在那一瞬间，压垮他的正是她把衣服丢一边的这个动作。正是这种既优雅又快活，好像击碎了整个文化，整个思想系统，仿佛这个单一潇洒的手臂动作，把老大哥、党卫和思想警察全部都扫进了虚无。而且，那是一个属于古代的姿态。温斯顿在嘴边忆起一个词“莎士比亚”。

The telescreen was giving forth an ear-splitting whistle which continued on the same note for thirty seconds. It was nought seven fifteen, getting-up time for office workers. Winston wrenched his body out of bed -- naked, for a member of the Outer Party received only 3,000 clothing coupons annually, and a suit of pyjamas was 600 --and seized a dingy singlet and a pair of shorts that were lying across a chair.

“铁幕”正在以同样的音符长达30秒，播放震耳欲聋的汽笛声。这时是07:15分，对于办公室人员正是起床时间。温斯顿扭着身体，从床上赤裸着走下来。由于他是每年拿3000布票的党外人员，一套睡衣就是600。他抓起一件脏衬衣和一件短裤穿着，横躺在一张椅子上。

The Physical Jerks would begin in three minutes. The next moment he was doubled up by a violent coughing fit which nearly always attacked him soon after waking up. It emptied his lungs so completely that he could only begin breathing again by lying on his back and taking a series of deep gasps. His veins had swelled with the effort of the cough, and the varicoseulcer had started itching.

体操将在三分钟内开始。下一刻，他被双倍增加袭击着，几乎醒来后，总是被剧烈的咳嗽发作折磨。咳嗽如此彻底耗尽肺脏，以至于他只能仰面躺着再次开始呼吸，然后，他做了一连串的喘气。他的静脉在努力咳嗽中增强，静脉曲张溃疡已经开始，也就是发痒。

“Thirty to forty group!” yapped a piercing female voice. “Thirty to forty group! Take your places, please. Thirties to forties!”

“30至40组！”一个刺耳尖叫的女性声音，“30至40组！请就坐。30到40！”

Winston sprang to attention in front of the telescreen, upon which the image of a youngish woman, scrawny but muscular, dressed in tunic and gym-shoes, had already appeared.

温斯顿从前面“铁幕”突然跳过，而去关注到，上面正播放着一个颇年轻的女人，瘦削但健壮，穿着短外袍和健美鞋，也已消失。

“Arms bending and stretching!” she rapped out. “Take your time by me. One, two, three, four! One, two, three, four! Come on, comrades, put a bit of life into it! One, two, three four! One two, three, four!...”

“手臂弯曲伸直。”她连续吼道，“跟着我保持节奏，一二三四，一二三四！前进，战友们！精神一点，投入一定！一二三四，一二三四！……”

The pain of the coughing fit had not quite driven out of Winston’s mind the impression made by his dream, and the rhythmic movements of the exercise restored it somewhat.

咳嗽发作的痛苦，并没有非常快地赶出温斯顿的脑袋，而且通过他的梦境留下了印象。而且，这种做操节奏运动恢复几分痛苦记忆。

As he mechanically shot his arms back and forth, wearing on his face the look of grim enjoyment which was considered proper during the Physical Jerks, he was struggling to think his way backward into the dim period of his early childhood. It was extraordinarily difficult.

随着他机械地把手臂甩到后边，然而向外，缓慢穿过他的脸。这种令人讨厌的乐趣被认为适用于体操。他努力地想，他的作用后退到了早期儿童时代。这是极其困难的。

Beyond the late fifties everything faded. When there were no external records that you could refer to, even the outline of your own life lost its sharpness. You remembered huge events which had quite probably not happened, you remembered the detail of incidents without being able to recapture their atmosphere, and there were long blank periods to which you could assign nothing.

晚于五十年代末，一切都逐渐消失。当不再有外国记录提供描述时，甚至是你自己生活的要点，也丧失了敏锐度。你记住了甚至都没发生的大事件，你记住了骚乱的细节，甚至还来不及重温他们的氛围。而且，你有一段很长的空白期，可能无所事事。

Everything had been different then. Even the names of countries, and their shapes on the map, had been different.Airstrip One, for instance, had not been so called in those days: it had been called England or Britain, though London, he felt fairly certain, had always been called London.

然后，一切事已经不同。甚至国家名字和地图的形状，都会不同起来。举例说，一号飞机跑道，在那些日子将不这样叫，而是称呼英格兰或者不列颠。不过，伦敦，他可以相当肯定，一直还叫伦敦。

Winston could not definitely remember a time when his country had not been at war, but it was evident that there had been a fairly long interval of peace during his childhood, because one of his early memories was of an air raid which appeared to take everyone by surprise. Perhaps it was the time when the atomic bomb had fallen on Colchester②.

温斯顿肯定不能记住，他的国家什么时候没有战争，但是，很明显在他童年时代，有相当长一段时间保持和平，因为他有一个早期的记忆就是，好像每个人觉得空袭很突然。可能当时是原子弹被丢到科尔切斯特。

He did not remember the raid itself, but he did remember his father’s hand clutching his own as they hurried down, down, down into some place deep in the earth, round and round a spiral staircase which rang under his feet and which finally so wearied his legs that he began whimpering and they had to stop and rest.

温斯顿记不住空袭本身，但是他确实记得父亲抓狂地裹紧自己，当时他们匆匆下到地球的洞底深渊，不断深入地底。在一个螺旋楼梯弯弯绕绕，脚下是响铃声，而且，最后，温斯顿的双腿精疲力竭，然后他开始啜泣起来。之后，他们不得不停下来休息。

His mother, in her slow, dreamy way, was following a long way behind them. She was carrying his baby sister -- or perhaps it was only a bundle of blankets that she was carrying: he was not certain whether his sister had been born then. Finally they had emerged into a noisy, crowded place which he had realized to be a Tube station.

温斯顿母亲，以轻柔缓慢的方式，正跟在他们身后很长一段距离。她正带着他婴儿的妹妹——或者可能，妈妈仅仅背着一床裹紧婴儿的毯子——他都不确定是否那时妹妹已经出生。最后，他们出现在一个嘈杂又拥挤的地方——他意识到是一个地铁站。

There were people sitting all over the stone-flagged floor, and other people, packed tightly together, were sitting on metal bunks, one above the other. Winston and his mother and father found themselves a place on the floor, and near them an old man and an old woman were sitting side by side on a bunk.

所有铺石板的楼梯，全部坐着人。而其他人，则一起堆叠拥挤在铁铺上。温斯顿、和父母在地上找到一块落脚处，他们附近，一个老男人和一位老妇人，肩并肩坐在一张铁铺上。

The old man had on a decent dark suit and a black cloth cap pushed back from very white hair: his face was scarlet and his eyes were blue and full of tears. He reeked of gin. It seemed to breathe out of his skin in place of sweat, and one could have fancied that the tears welling from his eyes were pure gin. But though slightly drunk he was also suffering under some grief that was genuine and unbearable.

老男人着一件得体深色套装，戴一顶黑色布帽，遮住了他满头白发。他脸色深红、眼睛碧蓝，布满泪水。他呼出的全是杜松子酒味。就好像他皮肤渗出的不是汗，而且纯杜松子酒。但是，尽管微醺，他却遭受某种率性又不堪忍受的悲痛。

In his childish way Winston grasped that some terrible thing, something that was beyond forgiveness and could never be remedied, had just happened. It also seemed to him that he knew what it was. Someone whom the old man loved --a little granddaughter, perhaps -- had been killed. Every few minutes the old man kept repeating:

以幼稚的方式，温斯顿抓住了某件可怕的事情，一些无法宽恕和纠正的事正好发生。对于他，这也好像让他全然懂得所发生之事。老男人所爱之人——小孙女可能已被杀。老人的每分钟都在重复这段话:

“We didn’t ought to ’ave trusted ’em. I said so, Ma, didn’t I? That’s what comes of trusting ’em. I said so all along. We didn’t ought to ’ave trusted the buggers.”③

“我们本不该信任他们。我这样说，妈，我不该的吧？那时我太信任他们，我从来都是这样信任人。我不该信任这些禽兽们！”

But which buggers they didn’t ought to have trusted Winston could not now remember.

但是，温斯顿现在不记得，老人本不该信任哪些禽兽。

Since about that time, war had been literally continuous, though strictly speaking it had not always been the same war. For several months during his childhood there had been confused street fighting in London itself, some of which he remembered vividly. But to trace out the history of the whole period, to say who was fighting whom at any given moment, would have been utterly impossible, since no written record, and no spoken word, ever made mention of any other alignment than the existing one.

自从那之后，战争开始真正地连续不断，尽管严格讲，它已经不再是同一场战争。童年期间，持续几个月，他已经迷失在伦敦街头械斗本身，其中有一些“战斗”，是那么地栩栩如生，他至今都记忆深刻。然而，追溯童年历史，在任何特定时刻，讲述正发生的械斗事件，已经彻底不可能，因为没有记录。并且，比起现存的这个盟友，永远不会涉及任何其他联盟一个词。

At this moment, for example, in 1984 (if it was 1984), Oceania was at war with Eurasia and in alliance with Eastasia. In no public or private utterance was it ever admitted that the three powers had at any time been grouped along different lines. Actually, as Winston well knew, it was only four years since Oceania had been at war with Eastasia and inalliance with Eurasia.

举例说，此刻，1984年(如果时间是一九八四年的话)，大洋洲和东亚结盟，与欧亚大陆的战争。在不公开地方，或者说秘密发言场所，一向承认，这三股力量归类为沿着不同路线发展。实际上，温斯顿全然了解，仅仅只有四年时间，上次大洋洲同东亚战争，与欧亚大陆结盟。

But that was merely a piece of furtive knowledge which he happened to possess because his memory was not satisfactorily under control. Officially the change of partners had never happened. Oceania was at war with Eurasia: therefore Oceania had always been at war with Eurasia. The enemy of the moment always represented absolute evil, and it followed that any past or future agreement with him was impossible.

但是，那只不过是温斯顿偷摸了解的一点诡诈知识，因为他对操控下的记忆不甚满意。官方上，合作盟友从没变过——大洋洲同欧亚大陆的战争。因此，大洋洲总是同欧亚大陆发生战争。此刻的敌人，总是代表的绝对邪恶，好像过去或未来同他们的协议，都是不能忍受的一件事。

The frightening thing, he reflected for the ten thousandth time as he forced his shoulders painfully backward (with hands on hips, they were gyrating their bodies from the waist, an exercise that was supposed to be good for the back muscles) --the frightening thing was that it might all be true.

最可怕的事，温斯顿反转了一万次，就像他迫使自己肩膀，痛苦地向后倒退(用手背对屁股，他们正用腰部旋转身体，一种本是锻炼后背肌肉的体操)——这件痛苦事可能全然就是真实。

If the Party could thrust its hand into the past and say of this or that event, it never happened --that, surely, was more terrifying than mere torture and death?

如果组织要强行插手过去，然后品头论足某事件，这几乎不可能——那可以肯定的是，比起简单折磨和死亡，是不是更可怕呢？

The Party said that Oceania had never been in alliance with Eurasia. He, Winston Smith, knew that Oceania had been in alliance with Eurasia as short a time as four years ago. But where did that knowledge exist?

组织说，大洋洲绝不和欧亚大陆结盟。他温斯顿却知道，大洋洲在四年前和欧亚大陆有过短时间结盟。但是，那个知识究竟存在哪里呢？

Only in his own consciousness, which in any case must soon be annihilated. And if all others accepted the lie which the Party imposed -- if all records told the same tale --then the lie passed into history and became truth.

也仅仅在他自己清醒状态中，其他任何情况下，这种想法很快被消灭。而且，如果所有其他人，都接受了组织强推的谎言——如果所有记录都讲述同样的传说——那么，谎言就会穿透历史，变成真实。

“Who controls the past,” ran the Party slogan, “controls the future: who controls the present controls the past.” And yet the past, though of its nature alterable, never had been altered. Whatever was true now was true from everlasting to everlasting. It was quite simple. All that was needed was an unending series of victories over your own memory. “Reality control”, they called it: in Newspeak, ‘doublethink’

组织的口号是:“谁控制了历史，谁就控制未来。谁控制了现在，谁就控制了历史。”历史尽管有它的自然转变，可是，它从不会被迫改变。不论什么样的真理，它是真理，就永远是真理。这道理很简单。所有那样的需要，就是一系列永不结束的胜利，甚至超过你自己记忆本身。“真实的操控”，他们用新话称呼，“思想矛盾。”

“Stand easy!” barked the instructress, a little more genially.

“小心站好！”女导师大声喊道，显得有点更亲切。

Winston sank his arms to his sides and slowly refilled his lungs with air. His mind slid away into the labyrinthine world of doublethink. To know and not to know, to be conscious of complete truthfulness while telling carefully constructed lies, to hold simultaneously two opinions which cancelled out, knowing them to be contradictory and believing in both of them, to use logic against logic, to repudiate morality while laying claim to it, to believe that democracy was impossible and that the Party was the guardian of democracy, to forget whatever it was necessary to forget, then to draw it back into memory again at the moment when it was needed, and then promptly to forget it again:

温斯顿下压手臂到侧面，然而，缓慢让空气重新填满他的脏腑器官。他的思考，溜进了思想矛盾的迷宫世界。知与不知，当谨慎构建谎言时，彻底意识到忠实它，与此同时，还要去坚持这两种互相抵消的观点，了解到它们之间的对立，并坚信两者共存，用逻辑对抗逻辑，当提出要求时又否认道德，不信民主，又相信组织是民主的维护者，忘记了这种矛盾任何时候都会必然忘记。然后，必要时刻，还要再次把它拉回记忆中，然而，再次迅速地忘记它。

and above all, to apply the same process to the process itself. That was the ultimate subtlety: consciously to induce unconsciousness, and then, once again, to become unconscious of the act of hypnosis you had just performed. Even to understand the word “doublethink” involved the use of doublethink.

而且重要的是，对于过程本身，用同样的处事方法。那就用最终的狡诈——有意识地引导无意识状态，然后不断重复，最后变成无意识的催眠行动，只要你刚要行动，催眠就起作用。甚至是理解“思想矛盾”这个词，牵涉到矛盾思想的应用。

The instructress had called them to attention again. “And now let’s see which of us can touch our toes!” she said enthusiastically. “Right over from the hips, please, comrades. One-two! One-two!...”

女导师再一次提醒他们，“现在，看看我们哪一个同志，能够触摸自己的脚趾。”她激情地说道，“同志们，请从臀部以上，向右扭腰。1-2，1-2。……”

Winston loathed this exercise, which sent shooting pains all the way from his heels to his buttocks and often ended by bringing on another coughing fit. The half-pleasant quality went out of his meditations.

温斯顿讨厌这个体操。整个方式让他从脚后跟到屁股，都带来被枪击般的痛苦。并且，通常最后引起另一场咳嗽发作。这种半愉快的特性，熄灭了他的沉思。

The past, he reflected, had not merely been altered, it had been actually destroyed. For how could you establish even the most obvious fact when there existed no record outside your own memory? He tried to remember in what year he had first heard mention of BigBrother.

过去，他认为，不仅仅被改变，这简直是彻底被摧毁。当有存在没记录的自我记忆事件发生时，究竟如何建立关于最明显的真理呢？他试着去回忆，听到大家涉及老大哥是哪一年。

He thought it must have been at some time in the sixties, but it was impossible to be certain. In the Party histories, of course, Big Brother figured as the leader and guardian of the Revolution since its very earliest days.

他想，那一定是在六十年代某段时间，但是这又不可能确认。当然，在党卫历史上，老大哥作为领导人和革命维护者出现，应该是在非常早期时候。

His exploits had been gradually pushed backwards in time until already they extended into the fabulous world of the forties and the thirties, when the capitalists in their strange cylindrical hats still rode through the streets of London in great gleaming motor-cars or horse carriages with glass sides.

老大哥的压榨，向前回溯，已经可以逐渐反推，推到他们延展的四十年代和六十年代的奇妙世界。那时，有钱人戴着奇特的圆筒帽，坐在金碧辉煌的汽车里，或是骑在装有玻璃侧门的四轮马车上，仍然穿梭在伦敦街头。

There was no knowing how much of this legend was true and how much invented. Winston could not even remember at what date the Party itself had come into existence. He did not believe he had ever heard the word Ingsoc before 1960, but it was possible that in its Oldspeak form -- “English Socialism”, that is to say --it had been current earlier.

没有人知道这样的传奇人物有多少是真实的，以及有多少发明创造。温斯顿甚至不记得，党卫是哪天建立的。在1960年以前，他不曾相信自己听过“英社”这个词，它可能用老话表达——“英格兰社会主义”，那就是说——它老早就被流通。

Everything melted into mist. Sometimes, indeed, you could put your finger on a definite lie. It was not true, for example, as was claimed in the Party history books, that the Party had invented aeroplanes. He remembered aeroplanes since his earliest childhood.

一切融进迷雾。有时候，实际上，你可以把手指放在确凿的谎言上。谎言不是真实，举例说，就像党卫历史书上所声称——党卫发明了飞机。温斯顿因为早期童年的回忆，他记得飞机。

But you could prove nothing.There was never any evidence. Just once in his whole life he had held in his hands unmistakable documentary proof of the falsification of an historical fact. And on that occasion-

但是，你什么也不能证明，从来没有任何证据。在温斯顿整个人生中，仅有一次，他坚持，关于一个历史真实，他手边的文件证据没有歪曲事实。并且，在那样的场合——

“Smith!” screamed the shrewish voice from the telescreen. “6079 Smith W.! Yes, you! Bend lower, please! You can do better than that. You’re not trying. Lower, please! That’s better, comrade. Now stand at ease, the whole squad, and watch me.”

“史密斯，”从铁幕上传来一个暴躁的尖叫声，“6079，史密斯·W！是的，请深深弓身前倾！你能够做得比刚才好。你没努力试过！请弓身！同志，那样更好！现在，稍息，整个班，看着我！”

A sudden hot sweat had broken out all over Winston’s body. His face remained completely inscrutable. Never show dismay! Never show resentment! A single flicker of the eyes could give you away.

一场突然的热汗，从温斯顿全身肌肤冒出来。他的脸，仍然保持着完全地难以捉摸。永远不要展示惊恐，千万别显露不满。一个简单的眼神摇摆，可能把自己送走。

He stood watching while the instructress raised her arms above her head and -- one could not say gracefully, but with remarkable neatness and efficiency -- bent over and tucked the first joint of her fingers under her toes.

温斯顿站直望着，当女导师举着手臂到头顶时，而且——一个人不可能优雅地说，除非带着显著整洁和效率——弓身和卷起她的手指，直到她脚趾。

“There, comrades! That’s how I want to see you doing it. Watch me again. I’m thirty-nine and I’ve had four children. Now look.” She bent over again.

“这里，同志们！那就是我想看到你们做的动作！再次看一遍！我39岁了，而且我有4个孩子。现在仔细看。”她又弓身做一遍。

“You see my knees aren’t bent. You can all do it if you want to,” she added as she straightened herself up.

“你们看，我膝盖都没弯曲。你们如果想，就全部能做到。”当她挺直身子，补充说道。

“Anyone under forty-five is perfectly capable of touching his toes. We don’t all have the privilege of fighting in the front line, but at least we can all keep fit. Remember our boys on the Malabar front! And the sailors in the Floating Fortresses! Just think what they have to put up with. Now try again. That’s better, comrade, that’s much better,”

“任何45岁以下的人，都能完美触碰到脚趾。我们不是全部都能荣幸地奔赴前线，但是至少，我们能够全部保持健身。记住，我们儿子就在马拉巴尔前线！并且，海员们就在浮动要塞里。只是想想，他们不得不忍受的东西。现在再试一次！那很好，同志，那样非常好！”

she added encouragingly as Winston, with a violent lunge, succeeded in touching his toes with knees unbent, for the first time in several years.

她补充道，鼓励着温斯顿。他用一个粗暴地前扑，成功地触碰到前脚趾，而没有弯曲膝盖。这是几年来，温斯顿第一次成功完成动作。

注释:

①when the slanting rays of the sun gilded the ground，这个环境描写很生动，暂时翻译为:“这时斜阳给地面镀上一层金黄。”the slanting rays of the sun这是“太阳歪斜的光线”之意，显然中文里的“斜阳”就更简洁明了。gild是“镀金，贴金箔，修饰，装饰”的意思。

②Perhaps it was the time when the atomic bomb had fallen on Colchester，暂时译为“可能当时是原子弹被扔在科尔切斯特”，Colchester是一个地名，英美南非都有这样一个地名。作者写这本小说时，美国人早就把代号是“小男孩”和“胖子”(Little Boy and Fat Man)，分别扔到日本的广岛和长崎，时间分别是1945年8月6日和8月9日。这里，奥威尔再次在借喻扔原子弹事件。

③We didn’t ought to ’ave trusted the buggers.暂时译为:“我不该信任这些禽兽们！”这一段老人的念到很经典，我几乎怀疑这个作者奥威尔似乎是借鉴了鲁迅的小说《祝福》，这个老人念叨，和祥林嫂的自言自语简直一模一样嘛！我们来回顾一下鲁迅的原文小说中的祥林嫂念叨，如下:

“我真傻，真的，”祥林嫂抬起她没有神采的眼睛来，接着说。“我单知道下雪的时候野兽在山墺里没有食吃，会到村里来；我不知道春天也会有。我一清早起来就开了门，拿小篮盛了一篮豆，叫我们的阿毛坐在门槛上剥豆去。他是很听话的，我的话句句听；他出去了。我就在屋后劈柴，淘米，米下了锅，要蒸豆。我叫阿毛，没有应，出去一看，只见豆撒得一地，没有我们的阿毛了。他是不到别家去玩的；各处去一问，果然没有。我急了，央人出去寻。直到下半天，寻来寻去寻到山墺里，看见刺柴上挂着一只他的小鞋。大家都说，糟了，怕是遭了狼了。再进去；他果然躺在草窠里，肚里的五脏已经都给吃空了，手上还捏着那只小篮呢。……”她接着但是呜咽，说不出成句的话来。

而本章老人的念叨是:

“我们本不该信任他们。我这样说，妈，我不该的吧？那时我太信任他们，我从来都是这样信任人。我不该信任这些禽兽们！”

鲁迅写死的孩子死的过程很详细，而奥威尔显然没有那么详细，他并没有具体写这个孙女怎么死的，但是留给读者的想象空间可就大了。

¹。体操规训大会全民健身，母亲主动牺牲假亦做真，这是我给《一九八四》第一部第三章起的小标题，大致概括一下本章主要内容。这里仍然沿用之前翻译的方式。作者通过童年描述和梦境的穿插，把这种母亲的主动牺牲写得欲言又止，真不真，我就不知道了，结合后文，他写老大哥时代的口号“谁控制了历史，谁就控制未来。谁控制了现在，谁就控制了历史。”那就内容深刻起来，所以我才用“假亦做真”。

大家还记不记得，我给第二章起的题目叫“三十年恐怖侵蚀孩童举止，睡梦中鼓励无畏日记生死”，孙女怎么死的，我们不知道，结合第二章孩童的扭曲行为，那就很值得玩味了。