Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
中产阶级需要面对众多挑战，其中有一项挑战在下一次总统竞选中可能并不会被提及，那就是当机器人可以胜任中产阶级的工作时，会发生什么。
Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.
不要完全忽略这种可能性。根据牛津大学的一项研究，随着中产阶级被过度压榨，美国约有一半的工作岗位将面临着自动化的危险处境。低收入岗位比如园艺和日间看护不足以吸引机器人。但是许多中产阶级的工作岗位比如运输业、经济咨询、软件开发等行业已经或将引起它们的兴趣。富人们拥有机器人，所以他们不会受到影响。
This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
Upheaval：n. 突变，剧变; [地] 隆起; 举起，抬起;
这种情况并非是骇人听闻。乐观主义者指出，过去科技发展的巨变已经惠及许多劳动者。工业革命并没有改变勒德分子的境遇，他们的工作都被机械化的纺织机器取代。但比起它带来的损害，工业革命最终提高了生活标准而且创造了更多的工作岗位。同样地，自动化最终也将通过降低价格，从繁重枯燥的工作中解放劳动者而促进生产，刺激需求。但是在发展中期，中产阶级的劳动者需要进行大量的调整。
The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
Instruction: n.授课; 教诲; 传授的或获得的知识，课程; [计算机科学] 指令
正如埃里克和安德鲁在《第二次机器时代》里面提到的，首先，中产阶级需要重新思考教育和职业训练。从小学到大学的学校课程应该较少的注重记忆事实，更多的关注创造力和进行复杂交流。职业学校应该更好的培养问题解决技能，帮助学生和机器人一起工作。网络教育可以补充传统教育。网络教育可以额外提供给人们能够负担得起的培训和课程。尝试获得新技能的专业人员会毫不犹豫地选择网络教育。
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
应对自动化的挑战凸显出了美国需要复苏本国衰退的经济活力。创办新公司一定要简单可行。在国内科技发展变化的早期，企业家们通过将劳动者和机器联系在一起从而顺利过渡转型。至今3D打印技术和虚拟现实的最佳使用方法都尚未发现。美国需要发现它们使用方法的新企业。
Dynamism:n.活力; 精力，魄力; 劲头; [哲] 物力论，力本学;
Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
最后，由于自动化的威胁将加大资本收入和劳动收入的差距，税收和安全网不得不重新考虑。低收入劳动者的税收需要削减，工资补贴比如所得税抵免应该扩大。这一举措将增加收入，鼓励工作，奖励公司创造就业机会，减少不平等现象。
Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
未来几年，科学技术将通过大大小小各种方式改善社会生活，但是对于那些发现自己的生活和工作将被自动化颠覆的人来讲，这并不会让他们感到舒服。摧毁那些为我们工作的机器是一件疯狂的事情。但是帮助工人适应自动化的政策是不可或缺的。
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