1. 概述
node_exporter是我们最常用的exporter之一，我们可以把他认为是一个agent，需要被安装在操作系统之上，然后才能采集到系统的数据。采集Linux类的exporter被称为node_exporter，如果我们使用sidecar的方式来运行的话，他就可以采集pod的信息。
我们在前面的指标采集一章中，已经使用node_exporter做了一个demo，他的采集的指标比zabbix多了好多。其实，这只是他的冰山一角，因为我们配置exporter的时候，使用的是默认启动的方式，他还有很多开关，需要添加参数才能生效。同时，他还可以指定那类指标不收集，以此来节省我们的资源消耗。
2. 详解node_exporter
node_exporter是prometheus官方提供的agent，项目被托管在prometheus的账号之下。我们也可以通过官方提供的链接下载最新的版本。在官方的github里面已经提供了非常详细使用说明，我们这里带大家梳理一下
2.1. 默认启用的参数
官方地址，这些参数就是我们前面做实验的时候默认收集的指标
| Name | Description | OS |
|---|---|---|
| arp | Exposes ARP statistics from /proc/net/arp. |
Linux |
| bcache | Exposes bcache statistics from /sys/fs/bcache/. |
Linux |
| bonding | Exposes the number of configured and active slaves of Linux bonding interfaces. | Linux |
| boottime | Exposes system boot time derived from the kern.boottime sysctl. |
Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris |
| conntrack | Shows conntrack statistics (does nothing if no /proc/sys/net/netfilter/ present). |
Linux |
| cpu | Exposes CPU statistics | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris |
| cpufreq | Exposes CPU frequency statistics | Linux, Solaris |
| diskstats | Exposes disk I/O statistics. | Darwin, Linux, OpenBSD |
| edac | Exposes error detection and correction statistics. | Linux |
| entropy | Exposes available entropy. | Linux |
| exec | Exposes execution statistics. | Dragonfly, FreeBSD |
| filefd | Exposes file descriptor statistics from /proc/sys/fs/file-nr. |
Linux |
| filesystem | Exposes filesystem statistics, such as disk space used. | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, OpenBSD |
| hwmon | Expose hardware monitoring and sensor data from /sys/class/hwmon/. |
Linux |
| infiniband | Exposes network statistics specific to InfiniBand and Intel OmniPath configurations. | Linux |
| ipvs | Exposes IPVS status from /proc/net/ip_vs and stats from /proc/net/ip_vs_stats. |
Linux |
| loadavg | Exposes load average. | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris |
| mdadm | Exposes statistics about devices in /proc/mdstat (does nothing if no /proc/mdstat present). |
Linux |
| meminfo | Exposes memory statistics. | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, OpenBSD |
| netclass | Exposes network interface info from /sys/class/net/
|
Linux |
| netdev | Exposes network interface statistics such as bytes transferred. | Darwin, Dragonfly, FreeBSD, Linux, OpenBSD |
| netstat | Exposes network statistics from /proc/net/netstat. This is the same information as netstat -s. |
Linux |
| nfs | Exposes NFS client statistics from /proc/net/rpc/nfs. This is the same information as nfsstat -c. |
Linux |
| nfsd | Exposes NFS kernel server statistics from /proc/net/rpc/nfsd. This is the same information as nfsstat -s. |
Linux |
| pressure | Exposes pressure stall statistics from /proc/pressure/. |
Linux (kernel 4.20+ and/or CONFIG_PSI) |
| rapl | Exposes various statistics from /sys/class/powercap. |
Linux |
| schedstat | Exposes task scheduler statistics from /proc/schedstat. |
Linux |
| sockstat | Exposes various statistics from /proc/net/sockstat. |
Linux |
| softnet | Exposes statistics from /proc/net/softnet_stat. |
Linux |
| stat | Exposes various statistics from /proc/stat. This includes boot time, forks and interrupts. |
Linux |
| textfile | Exposes statistics read from local disk. The --collector.textfile.directory flag must be set. |
any |
| thermal_zone | Exposes thermal zone & cooling device statistics from /sys/class/thermal. |
Linux |
| time | Exposes the current system time. | any |
| timex | Exposes selected adjtimex(2) system call stats. | Linux |
| udp_queues | Exposes UDP total lengths of the rx_queue and tx_queue from /proc/net/udp and /proc/net/udp6. |
Linux |
| uname | Exposes system information as provided by the uname system call. | Darwin, FreeBSD, Linux, OpenBSD |
| vmstat | Exposes statistics from /proc/vmstat. |
Linux |
| xfs | Exposes XFS runtime statistics. | Linux (kernel 4.4+) |
| zfs | Exposes ZFS performance statistics. | Linux, Solaris |
可以看到，每个指标都有他对应的操作系统，并不是每种系统都适用的。如果不想收集某个类型的指标，就使用--no-collector.<name>参数，比如
./node_exporter --no-collector.time
2.2. 默认不启用的参数
默认不启用的参数需要通过--collector.<name>参数来启用，官方提供的不启用的参数如下
| Name | Description | OS |
|---|---|---|
| buddyinfo | Exposes statistics of memory fragments as reported by /proc/buddyinfo. | Linux |
| devstat | Exposes device statistics | Dragonfly, FreeBSD |
| drbd | Exposes Distributed Replicated Block Device statistics (to version 8.4) | Linux |
| interrupts | Exposes detailed interrupts statistics. | Linux, OpenBSD |
| ksmd | Exposes kernel and system statistics from /sys/kernel/mm/ksm. |
Linux |
| logind | Exposes session counts from logind. | Linux |
| meminfo_numa | Exposes memory statistics from /proc/meminfo_numa. |
Linux |
| mountstats | Exposes filesystem statistics from /proc/self/mountstats. Exposes detailed NFS client statistics. |
Linux |
| ntp | Exposes local NTP daemon health to check time | any |
| processes | Exposes aggregate process statistics from /proc. |
Linux |
| qdisc | Exposes queuing discipline statistics | Linux |
| runit | Exposes service status from runit. | any |
| supervisord | Exposes service status from supervisord. | any |
| systemd | Exposes service and system status from systemd. | Linux |
| tcpstat | Exposes TCP connection status information from /proc/net/tcp and /proc/net/tcp6. (Warning: the current version has potential performance issues in high load situations.) |
Linux |
| wifi | Exposes WiFi device and station statistics. | Linux |
| perf | Exposes perf based metrics (Warning: Metrics are dependent on kernel configuration and settings). | Linux |
如果大家使用的是Centos系，或者ubuntu系的，我们建议大家打开ntp，mountstats，systemd，ntp，tcpstat这几个选项
2.3. 文本收集器
使用--collector.textfile.directory选项可以把文本中的内容也用metrics的方式收集起来，但是用的不多，大家了解就好
2.4. 在prometheus中过滤collector
我们还可以在prometheus中过滤要采集的选项，在exporter的配置文件中使用下面的配置
params:
collect[]:
- foo
- bar
这个功能可以减少prometheus的压力，但是并不会减少node_exporter采集到的数据。有点鸡肋。。。既然不要这个，就不要采集了嘛。。。
2.5. TLS的配置
我们默认暴露的都是http的请求的，也没有验证，也就是明文传输，很容易存在安全隐患，如果需要对数据加密，我们就要使用参数./node_exporter --web.config=web-config.yml，这个文件的内容如下
tls_server_config:
# Certificate and key files for server to use to authenticate to client.
cert_file: <filename>
key_file: <filename>
# Server policy for client authentication. Maps to ClientAuth Policies.
# For more detail on clientAuth options: [ClientAuthType](https://golang.org/pkg/crypto/tls/#ClientAuthType)
[ client_auth_type: <string> | default = "NoClientCert" ]
# CA certificate for client certificate authentication to the server.
[ client_ca_file: <filename> ]
# Minimum TLS version that is acceptable.
[ min_version: <string> | default = "TLS12" ]
# Maximum TLS version that is acceptable.
[ max_version: <string> | default = "TLS13" ]
# List of supported cipher suites for TLS versions up to TLS 1.2. If empty,
# Go default cipher suites are used. Available cipher suites are documented
# in the go documentation:
# https://golang.org/pkg/crypto/tls/#pkg-constants
[ cipher_suites:
[ - <string> ] ]
# prefer_server_cipher_suites controls whether the server selects the
# client's most preferred ciphersuite, or the server's most preferred
# ciphersuite. If true then the server's preference, as expressed in
# the order of elements in cipher_suites, is used.
[ prefer_server_cipher_suites: <bool> | default = true ]
# Elliptic curves that will be used in an ECDHE handshake, in preference
# order. Available curves are documented in the go documentation:
# https://golang.org/pkg/crypto/tls/#CurveID
[ curve_preferences:
[ - <string> ] ]
http_server_config:
# Enable HTTP/2 support. Note that HTTP/2 is only supported with TLS.
# This can not be changed on the fly.
[ http2: <bool> | default = true ]
# Usernames and hashed passwords that have full access to the web
# server via basic authentication. If empty, no basic authentication is
# required. Passwords are hashed with bcrypt.
basic_auth_users:
[ <string>: <secret> ... ]
这里面的密码是使用hash来加密的，我们常用的工具是htpasswd，比如，我们要加密密码Passw0rd
htpasswd -nBC 10 "" | tr -d ':\n'
New password:
Re-type new password:
$2y$10$6oDcZssS/R6yPy8ixVx7ue8LiPX7CHpNtXxdVGlYkNgzW3CT48TfC%
使用不交互的方式，生成文件
htpasswd -bc /application/prometheus/conf/htpasswd admin Passw0rd
在原有文件中添加一个用户
htpasswd -b /application/prometheus/conf/htpasswd admin Passw0rd
不更新密码文件，只在屏幕上输出用户名和经过加密后的密码
htpasswd -nb admin Passw0rd
2.6. systemd例子
为了便于管理，我们使用systemd来管理这个服务
cat > /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter \
--web.config=web-config.yml \
--collector.ntp \
--collector.mountstats \
--collector.systemd \
--collector.ntp \
--collector.tcpstat
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutStopSec=20s
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
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